中药远志的炮制研究进展

Research progress on processing of Polygalae Radix

远志是我国传统中药,具有安神益智、交通心肾、祛痰、消肿等作用,虽然其炮制方法多样,但炮制目的均在于减毒增效。本文对古法炮制中的净制、切制、加辅料炒与不加辅料炒等方法进行了文献概述,并在此基础上,对现代炮制前后化学成分变化及减毒增效机制等方面进行文献分析。现代研究表明,远志的减毒增效机制为远志皂苷的毒性与糖基含量有关,远志皂苷B水解为细叶远志皂苷后胃肠毒性显著降低。现代远志的炮制工艺主要有甘草炙远志、蜜制远志、厚朴汁炙远志、炆远志等,但厚朴汁炙远志、炆远志现代沿用不多,炮制工艺缺乏规范化研究。笔者认为,应加强古法炮制研究,在确定炮制工艺的同时,结合化学成分、药效等方面,开展炮制机制等方面的研究,为远志炮制的合理性提供科学依据,确保临床用药安全。

Polygalae Radix,a traditional Chinese medicine,has the functions of improving intelligence,calming nerves,relieving cough and eliminating phlegm.Its processing methods are various,but the purpose of processing is to reduce toxicity and increase efficiency.This article provided a literature review on the methods of purification,cutting,stir frying with and without additives in ancient Chinese cuisine.On this basis,literature analysis was conducted on the changes in chemical composition before and after modern processing,as well as the mechanisms of reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency.Modern research had shown that the mechanism of reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy of Polygala tenuifolia is related to the toxicity of Polygala saponins and the content of sugar groups.The hydrolysis of Polygala saponin B into Polygala tenuifolia saponins significantly reduced gastrointestinal toxicity.The main processing techniques of modern Polygala included licorice roasted Polygala,honey roasted Polygala,Houpu juice roasted Polygala,stewed Polygala,etc.However,Houpu juice roasted Polygala and stewed Polygala were not widely used in modern times,and the processing techniques lack standardized research.This paper came to a conclusion that research on ancient processing methods should be strengthened.While determining the processing technology,research on the processing mechanism should be carried out in combination with chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and other aspects to provide scientific basis for the rationality of the processing of Polygala tenuifolia and ensure the safety of clinical medication.