贵州低热河谷地方茶树种质资源基于表型性状的遗传多样性分析

Analysis of Genetic Diversity Based on Phenotypic Traits of Local Tea Germplasm Resources in Low Heat Valley of Guizhou

地方茶树种质资源在种质创新和品种保护中有着至关重要的地位。本研究以贵州低热河谷地带采集而来的1754份地方茶树种质资源为材料,对其树型、树姿、生长势、叶片大小、叶形、叶色、叶光泽度、叶面隆起性等18个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:1754份茶树种质资源的树型覆盖灌木、小乔木和乔木3种树型,其中灌木占比最高(85.6%),小乔木为12.54%,占比最少的是乔木(1.88%);18个表型性状均存在不同程度的变异,平均变异系数为27.63%,其中变异系数最大的为叶身(47.73%),变异系数最小的是叶片厚度(8.92%);18个表型性状遗传多样性指数在0.16~1.10之间,平均值为0.71,其中叶色的遗传多样性指数最大(1.10),叶片厚度遗传多样性最低(0.16);基于18个表型性状进行遗传聚类分析:1754份茶树资源在欧氏距离为16时聚为5类。本研究在调查这些地方茶树表型性状的基础上,对其进行形态特征的系统鉴定以及遗传多样性分析,初步探索贵州地方茶树种质资源的遗传多样性,旨在为贵州境内茶树种质资源的创新及利用提供理论参考。

Local tea germplasm resources play an important role in germplasm innovation and variety protection.In this study,1754 local tea germplasm resources were used as materials to analyze the genetic diversity of 18 phenotypic traits,such as tree type,tree posture,growth potential,leaf size,leaf shape,leaf color,leaf glossiness,leaf surface protuberance and so on.The results showed that the tree types of 1754 tea germplasm resources were covered with shrubs,arbors and semi-arbors,of which shrubs accounted for the highest proportion(85.6%),semi-arbors accounted for 12.54%,and arbors accounted for the least(1.88%).All the 18 phenotypic traits had large variation,and the average coefficient of variation was 27.63%.The largest coefficient of variation was leaf size(47.73%),and the lowest coefficient of variation was leaf thickness(8.92%).The genetic diversity index of 18 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.16 to 1.10,with an average of 0.71,in which the genetic diversity index of leaf color was the highest(1.10)and the genetic diversity of leaf thickness was the lowest(0.16).Genetic cluster analysis based on 18 phenotypic traits:1754 tea resources were clustered into 5 groups at 16 Euclidean distance.Based on the investigation of the phenotypic characters of tea plants in these places,the systematic identification of their morphological characteristics and the analysis of genetic diversity were carried out in order to explore the genetic diversity of local tea germplasm resources in Guizhou.The aim of this study is to provide theoretical reference for the innovation and utilization of tea germplasm resources in Guizhou.