不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对黑土地影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Different Tillage Methods and Straw Returning on Black Soil

黑土地是一种优质且珍贵的不可再生资源,是中国最主要的粮食作物产地之一,因此近年来中国对黑土地的保护和使用也非常重视。但不合理的耕作方式使土壤肥力严重流失,所以保护黑土地,并找求更合理的耕种方式是至关重要的。本研究主要从黑土地养分、土壤微生物、土壤团聚体、秸秆腐解规律、作物产量五个方面,对各种耕种方法和秸秆还田技术对黑土地的影响进行详细分析,表明免耕在提升全氮含量效果最好;深松、深翻在秸秆还田条件下使20~30 cm土层养分含量显著增加,并且能够提高微生物数量;深翻、旋耕、深松+秸秆覆盖还田这几种耕作措施都可以增加土壤0~20 cm水稳性大团聚体的比例;秸秆的分解率最优的耕作方式为旋耕还田;深松耕可显著提高作物产量。最后展望了关于未来黑土地的研究趋势,给中国的黑土地科学研究带来一定的理论依据。

As the black land is the most important production area of food crops in China,the Chinese government has also attached great importance to the protection and use of black land in recent years.However,unreasonable farming methods cause serious loss of soil fertility,so it is essential to protect the black land and find more reasonable farming methods.According to the impact of various cultivation methods and straw returning technology on black soil,the effects on black soil nutrient,soil microorganism,soil aggregate,straw decomposition law and crop yield were analyzed in detail.It indicates that no tillage has the best effect on increasing total nitrogen content.Under the condition of returning straw to the field,deep loosening and plowing significantly increased the nutrient content in the 20~30 cm soil layer and increased the number of microorganisms.Deep plowing,rotary tillage,deep loosening,and straw mulching can all increase the proportion of water stable large aggregates in soil of 0~20 cm.The optimal tillage method for straw decomposition rate is rotary tillage and returning to the field.Deep tillage can significantly increase crop yield.Finally,the research trend of black land in the future is prospected,which will provide some theoretical basis for the scientific research of black land in China.