优秀羽毛球运动员下肢三关节等速肌力与动态平衡能力特征及其相关性研究

A Study on the Characteristics of Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Dynamic Balance and Their Correlation in Elite Badminton Players'Lower Limb Three Joints

研究目的:在前人研究基础上对羽毛球运动员下肢三关节等速肌力特征与动态平衡能力特征进行测试分析,对羽毛球运动员下肢三关节等速肌力特征与动态平衡能力特征的相关性进行研究,旨在为羽毛球运动员的训练及科学选材提供理论依据。研究方法:运用瑞士生产的多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统与Med-Track足底压力分布板,分别对内蒙古师范大学男子羽毛球运动员进行角速度60°/s、180°/s与300°/s时的下肢三关节等速肌力测试以及动态平衡能力测试。运用配对样本T检验对等速肌力特征及平衡能力指标进行分析,对等速肌力测试指标与动态平衡能力指标进行相关性检验。研究结果:(1)内蒙古师范大学男子羽毛球运动员下肢髋、膝、踝三关节两侧屈伸肌群峰力矩、相对峰力矩未出现显著性差异。下肢三关节两侧伸肌峰力矩、相对峰力矩大于屈肌(P<0.05)。下肢三关节两侧屈伸肌峰力矩比无显著性差异,且均大于国内其他优秀运动员。(2)羽毛球运动员优势侧与非优势侧动态平衡各项指标无显著性差异,两侧动态平衡能力发展均衡。羽毛球运动员髋关节屈伸肌峰力矩比与动态平衡重心包络面积、重心单位面积总轨迹长皮尔逊系数呈显著性负相关;膝关节峰力矩比与动态平衡重心包络面积、重心单位面积总轨迹长呈显著性负相关;踝关节屈肌峰力矩、相对峰力矩与重心单位面积总轨迹长呈显著性正相关,屈伸肌峰力矩比与纵向重心动摇轨迹长度呈显著性正相关。(3)羽毛球运动员下肢三关节对动态平衡能力的影响为踝关节(0.629-0.810:P<0.05)>膝关节(0.639-0.727:P<0.05)>髋关节(0.624-0.651:P<0.05)。建议:内蒙古师范大学男子羽毛球运动员应在平时训练中针对性加强下肢三关节伸肌力量素质练习,通过增强下肢髋、膝、踝关节的专项力量训练来提高动态平衡能力。教练员在训练时可以用羽毛球运动员下肢三关节优势侧与非优势侧肌力特征、屈伸肌峰力矩比来预测运动员动态平衡能力,选拔优秀运动员。

OBJECTIVE:Building upon prior research,this study meticulously analyzes isokinetic strength characteristics of the lower limb three joints and dynamic balance in elite badminton players.The study aims to investigate the correlation between isokinetic strength features and dynamic balance abilities in the lower limbs of badminton players,providing a theoretical foundation for their training and scientific talent selection.METHODS:Employing the Swiss-produced multi-joint isokinetic strength testing and training system along with the Med-Track plantar pressure distribution board,male badminton players from Inner Mongolia Normal University underwent isokinetic strength tests at angular velocities of 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s for the lower limb three joints,coupled with dynamic balance ability tests.Paired sample t-tests were utilized to analyze isokinetic strength features and balance indicators,and correlation tests were conducted between isokinetic strength test indicators and dynamic balance ability indicators.RESULTS:(1)No significant differences were observed in the peak torque and relative peak torque of the hip,knee,and ankle flexor-extensor muscle groups on both sides of the lower limb in male badminton players.Extensor peak torque and relative peak torque on both sides of the lower limb were greater than flexors(P<0.05).The peak torque ratio of flexors and extensors showed no significant difference on both sides,and both were greater than in other domestic elite athletes.(2)No significant differences were found in various indicators of dynamic balance between the dominant and non-dominant sides of badminton players,indicating balanced development of dynamic balance on both sides.The Pearson coefficients revealed significant negative correlations between the hip joint flexor-extensor torque ratio and the center of pressure envelope area,as well as the total trajectory length per unit area.The knee joint torque ratio showed significant negative correlations with the center of pressure envelope area and the total trajectory length.The ankle joint flexor peak torque,relative peak torque,and the total trajectory length per unit area demonstrated significant positive correlations,while the flexor-extensor torque ratio showed a significant positive correlation with the longitudinal center of pressure sway trajectory length.(3)The impact of the lower limb three joints on dynamic balance abilities in badminton players ranked as follows:ankle joint(0.629-0.810:P<0.05)>knee joint(0.639-0.727:P<0.05)>hip joint(0.624-0.651:P<0.05).Male badminton players from Inner Mongolia Normal University should focus on targeted strengthening exercises for the extensor strength of the lower limb three joints during regular training.Improving dynamic balance abilities can be achieved through specific strength training for the hip,knee,and ankle joints.Coaches can predict the dynamic balance abilities of players by considering the isokinetic strength characteristics,particularly the flexor-extensor torque ratio,on the dominant and non-dominant sides of the lower limb,aiding in the selection of outstanding athletes.