循证体能训练:基本构架及实践应用

Evidence-based Strength and Conditioning Training:Basic Framework and Practical Application

体能是参赛的入场券,体能训练的科学化决定了竞技运动训练的科学化。本研究基于医学循证实践,通过界定循证体能训练的概念及内涵,探索构建循证体能训练的基本理论构架及应用路径。主要结论如下:(1)循证体能训练是基于当前权威研究成果及复合型训练团队专业判断而获得的最佳证据,同时兼顾教练团队的训练经验、训练硬件条件和运动员(队)的价值观来指导训练的系统方法;(2)循证体能训练的难点是平衡运动科学原理、前沿研究证据和教练团队执教经验,关键是筛选前沿且权威的研究证据;(3)践行循证体能训练要注意:认识竞技体能训练的复杂性、加强对精英运动员训练的研究、构建系统的体能训练科学体系、有效平衡研究证据和训练经验、优化多向度(横纵向、长短期)的体能测试和评估、重视人工智能等科技在体能训练中的应用。亟待构建多学科交叉融合、复合型训练团队协同保障、研究和训练一体化推进、大数据和人工智能深入应用、践行批判性思维并秉承开放包容的训练系统,切实践行循证体能训练在竞技运动训练中的应用,持续推动体能训练的科学化向纵深发展。

Strength and conditioning is the basics of athletics,and the scientifcisation of strength and conditioning training determines the scientificisation of competitive sport training.The scientifcisation of strength and conditioning training based on the interface between sport science and training practice has encountered difficulties and challenges,while evidence-based strength and conditioning training provides direction for the in-depth development of the scientifcisation of strength and conditioning.Based on medical evidence-based practice,this study defined the concepts and connotations of evidence-based strength and conditioning training and explored the basic theoretical framework and application path for constructing evidence-based strength and conditioning training.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Evidence-based strength and conditioning training is a systematic approach to guide training,which based on the best evidence obtained from current authoritative research results and the professional judgement of a composite training team,taking into account the training experience of the coaching team,the training hardware conditions,and the values of the athletes(the team);(2)The difficulty of evidencebased strength and conditioning training is to balance the principles of sports science,cuttingedge research evidence,and the coaching experience of the coaching team.The key point is to select cutting-edge and authoritative research evidence.(3)To practice evidence-based strength and conditioning training,we should pay attention to following aspect:understanding of the complexity for competitive strength and conditioning training,strengthening research based on the"problems"that need to be solved in the competitive sports training environment,constructing a systematic scientifc system of strength and conditioning training,effectively balancing the research evidence with the coaching experience,and optimizing the multidirectional(horizontal,vertical,long-term and short-term)approach to strength and conditioning training and evaluation.strength and conditioning training,optimize multi-directional(horizontal and vertical,long and shortterm)strength and conditioning testing and assessment,and strengthen the application of artifcial intelligence and other technologies in strength and conditioning training.There is urgent to build a training system that is multidisciplinary and cross-fertilised,with multidisciplinary training team,integrated research and conditioning,in-depth application of big data and artificial intelligence,critical thinking and openness and inclusiveness,so as to practice the application of evidence-based strength and conditioning training in competitive sports training,and to continue to push forward the scientifc development of strength and conditioning training to a deeper and deeper level.