南宋荆襄地区茶寇治理与演变

The Governance and Evolution of Tea Bandits in the jingzhou一Xiangyang Area of the Southern Song Dynasty

由唐至宋,荆襄地区茶叶产量空前提升,饮茶文化风行一时,私贩茶叶也越发活跃于这一地区。紧邻边境、水路交通便捷为此地武装贩运活动提供便利。基层官吏缺失与官军战力下降等因素使“茶寇”变为社会沉疴宿疾。至孝宗时“茶寇”活动达到顶峰,宋廷面对财政渐蹙、官军腐弱的现状,开始逐渐将治理“茶寇”的方式由以法律惩处与军事镇压转向招纳为军,利用地方精英将“茶寇”转变为边防的重要补充。这种变化促使荆襄地区出现由“茶寇”及武装茶商团体共同组成的“茶商军”,为弥补南宋边防、提升守御战力发挥了重要作用。

From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty,the tea production in Jingzhou-Xiangyang are increased un-precedentedly,and tea drinking culture was popular for a while.The smuggling of tea also became more active in this area.The proximity to the border and convenient waterway transportation provide convenience for armed trafficking activities in this area.The lack of grassroots officials and the decline in the military's combating force have turned"tea bandits"into a chronic social disease.During the reign of Emperor Xiao,the activities of"tea bandits"reached its peak.Faced with the gradual shrinking finances and weak official armies,the Song Dynasty began to gradually shift the way of governing"tea bandits"from legal punishment and military suppression to recruiting them into the military.Local elites were used to transform"tea bandits"into important supplements to border defense.This change led to the emergence of a"Tea Merchant Army"composed of"tea bandits"and armed tea merchant groups in Jingzhou-Xiangyang area,compensating for the border defense of the Southern Song Dynasty and playing an important role in enhancing the defensive capabilities.