敦煌祁家湾西凉画像砖题材布局及影响

Thematic Layout and Influences of the Painted Bricks from the Western Liang Dynasty at Qijiawan in Dunhuang

敦煌祁家湾西凉M369画像砖由墓主夫妇、胡人驯狮及牛车鞍马图像三大部分组成,图像继承了汉魏以来流行的墓主与百戏搭配的“墓主人宴饮图”形式,加入了河西地区新出现的牛车鞍马图像组合,形成了一种新的图像布局。这种新的布局形式源自河西地区,随着北魏平定河西,又影响了北魏平城时代墓葬壁画的布局。M369画像砖中的胡人驯狮属于百戏的一种,也是十六国时期河西地区特有的新题材,属于西凉伎的一项重要内容,北魏继承后,到唐代十分流行。

Inside a tomb in Qijiawan at Dunhuang,a painted brick from the Western Liang dynasty with reference number M369 has been found to consist of three images:the tomb owner and his wife,a lion tamer,and an ox cart and a saddled horse.Part of the illustration clearly inherited the theme of"the tomb owner's banquet,"which had been popular since the Han and Wei dynasties,while the image combination of the oxcart and the saddled horse was a new addition that created a new form of image layout.The new layout originated in the Hexi area and exerted significant influence on the illustrations of Northern Wei tomb murals when Pingcheng was the capital city of the region,and during the pacification of the Hexi region during the Northern Wei dynasty.The image of a Hu person(a local non-Han tribe)taming a lion in M369 can be seen to be performing an acrobatic stunt,which was a new theme unique to the Hexi region during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.The theme of acrobatics from the Western Liang dynasty was inherited by the Northern Wei dynasty,and became even more popular in the later Tang dynasty.