俄藏敦煌写本Дх.11654《略出籯金》研究

A Textual Study on the Dunhuang Manuscript Дx.11654,Liechu Yingjin,in the Russian Collection

内容摘要:俄藏敦煌写本Дх.11654现存的与佛法相关的词条以对语形式编排,体例完善,属于类语体类书写卷。这种“骈体对句”的编纂模式,更利于学仕郎作诗著文,常在编纂教材时使用。Дх.11654与P.3650同属《籯金》系类书中的《略出籯金》写卷,可定名为《略出籯金·佛法篇第卌八》。《略出籯金》是敦煌文士张球为教学所需而对少室山处士李若立所著的《籯金》改编后的删节本,其佛法篇是李若立、张球宗教信仰的体现。张球出生于江南越州,又长期在归义军政权任职,致仕后为了“以阐大猷”,以《略出籯金》为教材聚徒兴学。他在撰书时对《略出籯金》的录事和赋文进行了调整,使此书更贴合敦煌地区的教学所需,并加入了一些在传世类书中没有记载但在敦煌发愿文中多有出现的佛法类词条,极具地方特色。此书不仅有助于张球在敦煌弘扬传播汉文化,也是晚唐时期南北文学在敦煌地区交流、互动的证明。

In Dunhuang manuscript JIx.11654,there are many entries related to Buddhism that are arranged in two symmetrical columns,which suggests that this manuscript is a kind of rhyming leishu类书(reference or encyclopedic book).The compilation method of using parallel couplets was considered suitable for students when writing poems or articles,and was therefore often used in the compilation of teaching materials.Both Дx.11654 and another document,P.3650,are manuscripts of the Liechu Yingjin略出籯金from the serialized Yingjin reference books,and can be entitled"Liechu Yingjin Chapter on Buddhist Dharma No.48."The Yingjin was written by Li Ruoli,a hermit who lived at Shaoshi Mountain(a peak of the Mount Song range in Henan Province),and was adapted into the Liechu Yingjin by Dunhuang literati Zhang Qiu as an abridged form to be used for teaching purposes.The chapter on Buddhist dharma clearly reflected the religious beliefs of Li Ruoli and Zhang Qiu.Zhang Qiu was born in Yuezhou south of the Yangtze River,and served in the Gui-yi-jun regime for many years.After resigning his post,Zhang Qiu gathered a group of students to promote education in the region and used the Liechu Yingjin as a primary textbook,so asto"interpret the principium."He also made adjustments to the entries and verses during compilation in order to adapt the text to pedagogical purposes.During the process,he added various Buddhist entries that were not recorded in traditional reference books but that often appeared in Dunhuang votive texts,which infused his textbook with significant local characteristics.The text he produced was a direct manifestation of the literary exchanges occurring between northern and southern China in Dunhuang and helped Zhang Qiu promote and disseminate Chinese culture in the Dunhuang area during the Late Tang period.