中国中医药资源空间分布、匹配类型与旅游开发模式

Spatial distribution,matching types and tourism development model of Chinese medicine resources in China

基于2011―2020年中国31个省份中医药资源的面板数据及中医药旅游景点POI数据,运用GIS空间分析及统计方法,从中药、中医、旅游3个维度,深入分析了中国中医药资源的空间分布及其类型特征,并提出中国中医药资源旅游开发模式。结果表明:①中药资源市场规模大且呈稳定增长趋势,其空间分布的地域特征明显,云南、四川、湖北、甘肃、河南是主要的道地药材集聚区;②中医资源空间分异特征明显,广东、山东、河南、江苏、四川、山西、河北等省份中医资源分布较多,而天津、海南、宁夏、青海、西藏等地区则较少,且省域间差异逐渐扩大;③中医药旅游景点在空间上呈集聚特征,主要集中在京津冀地区、长三角地区、珠三角地区、成渝地区和黄河中下游地区,占总量的76.2%;④根据“药-医-游”匹配关系,可将31个省份划分为匹配最优区、匹配次优区、匹配非平衡区3类,并基于“推-拉”理论进行机理分析,提出了中医药资源优化开发、重点开发、专项开发等3大旅游开发模式,明确各地区中医药资源旅游开发优势与路径。

Based on the panel data of TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine)resources of China(not including the data of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)from 2011 to 2020 and the POI data of TCM tourist attractions,this paper applied GIS spatial analysis and statistical methods to analyzing the spatial distribution and type characteristics of TCM resources in China from three dimensions of TCM,TCM and tourism,and proposed the tourism development model of TCM resources in China.The results showed that:1)The market scale of TCM resources was large,reaching one-third of the total scale of China's pharmaceutical market,and showed a steady growth trend.Its spatial distribution has obvious regional characteristics,showing that Chengdu-Chongqing region and the Central Plains region lead the development on the whole,and the cold temperate zone in Northeast China,tropical zone in South China and temperate zone in Northwest China are relatively backward.Yunnan,Sichuan,Hubei,Gansu and Henan are the main gathering areas of authentic medicinal materials.2)The spatial differentiation of TCM resources was obvious,with more TCM resources distributed in Guangdong,Shandong,Henan,Jiangsu,Sichuan,Shanxi,Hebei and other provinces and regions,but less in Tianjin,Hainan,Ningxia,Qinghai,Tibet and other provinces and regions,and the differences between provinces(regions)gradually expanded.However,from the perspective of spatial agglomeration characteristics,the number of TCM resources in most regions was on the rise;3)The distribution of TCM tourist attractions in China is spatial agglomeration,with large concentration and small dispersion,mainly concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,Chengdu-Chongqing and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.Among them,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is the high-density core area,the Yangtze River Delta,the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the Chengdu-Chongqing and the Pearl River Delta are the sub-density core areas.4)According to the matching relationship of"medicine-medicine-tourism",31 provinces and regions can be classified into 3 categories:optimal matching area,sub-optimal matching area and unbalanced matching area,accounting for about 1/3 of the total.Based on the mechanism analysis of"push-pull"theory,the logical relationship between TCM,TCM and tourism matching was clarified.Accordingly,three major tourism development modes of TCM resource optimization,key development and special development were put forward to clarifing the advantages and paths of TCM resource tourism development in each region.To sum up,the research on the spatial distribution of TCM resources and its matching relationship with tourism development is of great significance for ensuring the development of TCM tourism industry and promoting the coordinated development of regions.Further analysis and consideration are needed for the regionalization,regional product development and market potential of TCM tourism in China.