长三角科技创新平台布局时空演变及其影响因素

Spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of sci-tech innovation platforms in the Yangtze River Delta

科技创新平台是区域创新体系的重要组成部分,深入探讨创新平台的演变特征及形成机制有助于优化创新经济布局。通过梳理1984—2020年长三角地区高等级创新平台的发展脉络,从基础研发、产业技术和服务类创新平台3个方面,对比分析了2000年、2010年和2020年3个时间节点不同类型创新平台的空间分布及演化特征,并采用计量模型分析了各类型创新平台的影响因素。研究发现:①在时序发展方面,长三角创新平台的培育走在全国前列,随创新政策演变呈现出阶段性特征,创新平台体系日益多元和开放;②在空间演变方面,长三角创新平台的地域分布不均衡,空间格局由单中心、轴线集聚向多中心、线面发展转变,总体呈现“中心-外围”梯度扩散的演变态势;③不同类型创新平台的分布模式具有显著异质性,基础研发平台凸显“点-极”式分布形态,产业技术创新平台集聚于以南京、上海、杭州为端点形成的“>”型区域,服务类创新平台整体呈现“四主一副”的“Z”字型空间格局;④创新平台的空间布局是市场因素和政策因素综合作用的结果,主要影响因子因创新平台的类型不同而表现出一定的共性和差异性,其中,地区高等教育资源、人力资本和创新投入是影响创新平台分布的主要因素。

Science and technology innovation platform constitute a crucial aspect of the regional innovation system.A well-designed platform system positively impacts the improvement of regional innovation capacity and efficiency.Consequently,there is a pressing need to examine the distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of innovation platforms.Based on the data of the Ministry of Science and Technology from 1984 to 2020,this paper reviews the development context of national innovation platforms in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD).On this basis,we analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of innovation platforms in the years 2000,2010,and 2020,focusing on three categories,namely,research and development(R&D)platform,industrial technology platform,and service innovation platform.Additionally,we also explored the influencing factors that impact the spatial distribution of innovation platforms by using the econometric model.The main conclusions are as follows:1)In terms of the time series evolution,the cultivation of innovation platforms in the YRD began in the 1980s and has since evolved over time.Initially,the focus has been on research and development platforms.As policies for innovation have evolved,there has been a significant growth in innovation platforms that center on technological enterprise transformation and mass innovation.The system of innovation platforms is becoming increasingly diversified and open.2)In terms of the spatial evolution,the geographical distribution of sci-tech innovation platforms across cities is spatially uneven.Jiangsu Province has the greatest number of platforms and the least city variation,whereas Anhui Province has the fewest number of platforms and the greatest city variance.The spatial pattern of innovation platforms has shifted from singlecenter and axis agglomeration to multi-center and regional agglomeration,presenting a trend of diffusion from the center towards the periphery.3)The distribution patterns of different types of innovation platforms exhibit significant heterogeneity.Specifically,the R&D platforms show a spatial pattern as"point-pole"configuration,while the industrial technology innovation platforms are concentrated in an area shape like">"with Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou as endpoints.The service innovation platforms present a"Z"type spatial pattern with a relatively low degree of agglomeration.4)The overall spatial distribution of innovation platforms results from the interplay of economic and political factors,which show both similarities and differences between different types of innovation platforms.Regional higher education institutions,human capital and financial investments in science and education have a significant positive impact on the distribution of various innovation platforms.On the basis of these findings,we propose recommendations for optimizing the spatial distribution of innovation platforms in the Yangtze River Delta.