基于DEA模型的我国高校科研创新效率测度与差异分析

Estimation and Differential Analysis of Research Efficiency in Higher Education Institutions Based on DEA Model

高校作为科技创新的主要推动者,准确评估中国大学的研究和创新效率对于提升其研究管理能力和推动创新型国家建设具有重要的指导意义。研究采用数据包络分析(DEA)模型,对教育部认定的32所“双一流”高校2011—2021年的科研创新效率进行测度。此外,还分析了其时间演化规律,并从地域和层次两个角度探讨了效率差异的来源。研究结果表明:中国大学的科研创新综合效率持续稳步增长,纯技术效率也呈上升趋势,而规模效率则呈现出先上升后下降的趋势;在地域差异方面,研究发现在样本期间,大学科研创新效率呈现出东部地区、中部地区、西部地区依次递减的格局,随着时间的推移,这些地区之间的差距没有缩小;在层次差异方面,C9联盟高校的研究和创新效率高于非C9联盟高校,而随着时间的推移,二者之间的差距逐渐缩小。

Universities serve as the main contributors to scientific and technological innovation.Accurately measuring the research and innovation efficiency of Chinese universities is of crucial importance for enhancing their research management capabilities and advancing the construction of an innovative nation.This paper employs the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)model to assess the research and innovation efficiency of 32 universities participating in the Ministry of Education’s“Double First Class”initiative from 2011 to 2021.Additionally,it examines the temporal evolution and investigates the sources of variations from both regional and hierarchical perspectives.The findings indicate a consistent upward trend in the comprehensive efficiency of research and innovation in Chinese universities.Pure technical efficiency also demonstrates an upward trend,while scale efficiency exhibits an initial rise followed by a subsequent decline.Regionally,there are notable differences in research and innovation efficiency among the universities sampled,with an overall decreasing pattern from the eastern region to the central and western regions.Over time,the disparities between regions are not diminishing.Moreover,in terms of hierarchy,research and innovation efficiency is higher in C9 League universities compared to non-C9 League universities,and the gap between the two is gradually narrowing over time.