新藏铁路生态敏感区段选线及保护对策研究

Research on Route Selection and Protection Countermeasures of Ecologically Sensitive Section of Xinjiang-Tibet Railway

新藏铁路沿线地理位置特殊、生态环境敏感脆弱、宗教习俗独特神秘,保护生态环境、依法合规建设成为新藏铁路勘察设计的重大挑战之一。通过调查识别制约选线的生态敏感区主要有珠峰保护区、神山圣湖段生态敏感区(玛旁雍错保护区、冈仁波齐国家森林公园、神山圣湖风景名胜区)和羌塘保护区,并针对3处生态敏感区开展选线研究,从工程设置、地质、运维以及环境保护等方面进行详细比选。综合分析得出以下结论及建议:(1)珠峰保护区段推荐沿国道G318方案,暂不符合法规要求,需进一步优化设计,同时应与地方结合,将其纳入自然保护地整合优化调整预案以支撑项目建设;(2)神山圣湖段推荐沿国道G219方案,虽符合法规要求,但应进一步细化方案研究,尽量减少穿越敏感区长度,并优化工程设置,减少扰动;(3)羌塘保护区段推荐有利于保护羌塘高原脆弱生态系统的国道西侧绕避保护区方案;(4)工程涉及生态敏感区时建议采取以桥隧工程形式无害化通过,同时进行必要的野生动植物现场调查和生态敏感区专题研究工作,使项目建设达到生态敏感区段线路方案可行的目标。

With special geographical location,sensitive and fragile ecological environment,unique and mysterious religious customs along the Xinjiang-Tibet railway,protecting the ecological environment and construction according to laws and regulations have become one of the major challenges in the survey and design of the Xinjiang-Tibet railway.Through the investigation,the ecologically sensitive areas that restrict the route selection mainly include Everest Reserve,ecological sensitive areas of holy mountain and lake(Manasarovar nature reserve,Gangrenboqi national forest park,holy mountain and lake scenic area) and Qiangtang Reserve,and targeted research on route selection in three ecologically sensitive areas is conducted.After detailed comparison and selection in terms of engineering setting,geology,operation and maintenance,and environmental protection,the following conclusions and suggestions are drawn after comprehensive analysis:(1) The route scheme along national highway G318 is recommended for the Everest protection section,but it does not meet the requirements of laws and regulations for the time being,and needs further optimization of the design.At the same time,it should be coordinated with the local authorities,and incorporated into the plan for the integration,optimization and adjustment of nature reserves to support the project construction;(2) The route scheme along the national highway G219 is recommended for the holy mountain and lake protection section.Although it meets the requirements of regulations,the scheme should be further refined so as to minimize the length of crossing sensitive areas,optimize the project settings and reduce the disturbance.(3) In the Qiangtang protection section,the west side detour scheme of the national highway is recommended,which is conducive to protecting the fragile ecosystem of the Qiangtang plateau.(4) Where the project involves ecologically sensitive areas,bridges and tunnels are recommended for harmless passingthrough.At the same time,necessary on-site investigation of wild animals and plants and special research on ecologically sensitive areas are carried out,so that the project construction can achieve the feasible goal of the route schemes in ecologically sensitive areas.