2018—2022年广东省5岁以下儿童意外死亡流行分析

Epidemiological analysis of accidental death among children under 5 years old in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2022

目的 了解2018—2022年广东省5岁以下儿童意外死亡的主要死因及其流行病学分布情况,为制订进一步的预防措施和干预方法提供理论依据。方法 以广东省2018—2022年死亡的5岁以下儿童为研究对象,将ICD10中S00-T98和V01-Y98系列疾病作为分类标准筛选出其中意外原因导致死亡的个案,计算相关的率、构成比等,分析儿童意外死亡原因及三间分布。结果 2018—2022年广东省总死亡率为2.94‰,死亡人数21 329人,其中意外死亡人数3 819人(0.53‰),男女性别比为1.29∶1,不同年龄组间意外伤害的性别构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.38,P<0.01)。意外死亡原因前三位为意外窒息(1 590/3 819)、溺水(926/3 819)和交通意外(527/3 819)。各年龄段男童意外死亡率均高于女童,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.68,P=0.19),不同意外死因儿童的年龄组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1 723.28,P<0.01),死前救治情况差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=174.31,P<0.01)。结论 广东省5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因为意外窒息、溺水。应分年龄采取不同的预防措施提高儿童及家长的意外伤害识别防范意识,降低5岁以下儿童意外死亡率。

Objective To investigate the main causes of accidental death of children under 5 years old and their epidemiological distribution in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2022,it provides theoretical basis for formulating further preventive measures and intervention methods. Methods Children under 5 years of age who died in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision(ICD-10) codes S00-T98 and V01-Y98 were used to classify cases of accidental death, and the related rate and composition ratio were calculated to analyze the causes of accidental death in children and their distribution. Results From 2018 to 2022, the total mortality rate in Guangdong Province was 2.94‰, with a total of 21 329 deaths. Among these deaths, 3 819 were accidental deaths(0.53‰), the sex ratio of males to females was 1.29∶1, and the sex distribution of accidental death among all age groups showed significant difference(χ^(2)=16.38, P<0.01). The top 3 causes for accidental deaths were accidental suffocation(1 590/3 819), drowning(926/3 819) and traffic accident(527/3 819). The accidental death rate of boys at all ages was higher than that of girls, although the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=13.68, P=0.19). The cause of death varied significantly among different age groups(χ^(2)=1 723.28, P<0.01), and the treatment before death was statistically significant(χ^(2)=174.31, P<0.01). Conclusion Accidental suffocation and drowning are the main causes of death in children under 5 years old in Guangdong Province. Age-specific preventive measures should be implemented to enhance the identification and prevention of accidental injuries among children and their parents, thus reducing the accidental death rate in this age group.