时间压力对个体工作结果的作用效果:基于元分析的证据

The effect of time pressure on individual work outcomes:A meta-analytic review

虽然时间压力在工作场所中非常普遍且很重要,但尚未有研究提供关于时间压力如何影响员工绩效和行为结果的全面解释。本研究通过文献检索、筛选和编码,对78项研究的82个独立样本(总样本N=25056)进行了元分析。研究结果显示,时间压力与个体工作绩效、亲社会行为和主动行为呈现出显著的正相关关系,但与创新绩效的正相关关系并不显著。进一步地,本研究检验了文化差异、团队相依性和评价来源的调节效应。首先,在高权力距离、集体主义和长期导向背景下,时间压力与个体亲社会行为呈现出显著的正相关关系,而在低权力距离、个人主义和短期导向背景下,时间压力与个体主动行为呈现出显著的正相关关系;其次,相对于低团队相依性而言,在高团队相依性情境中,时间压力与个体工作绩效、创新绩效以及亲社会行为之间呈现出更为积极的相关关系;最后,相对于他评的数据而言,时间压力与自评的工作绩效和员工行为之间呈现出更为积极的相关关系。本元分析为时间压力对个体工作结果的影响效果提供了综合而可靠的结论,也为未来研究提供了一定的理论借鉴和实践参考。

Although time pressure is very common and important in the workplace,there has been no systematic and comprehensive understanding of how time pressure affects employee performance and behavioral outcomes.A meta-analysis method was used to examine the relationships between time pressure and employee outcomes with 82 independent samples from 78 studies(N=25056).The results found that time pressure had a significant positive correlation with individual job performance,prosocial behavior and proactive behavior,but the positive correlation with innovative performance was not significant.Further,this study examined the moderating effects of cultural differences,team interdependence,and rating sources.The data results showed that,first,under the background of high power distance,collectivism,and long-term orientation,time pressure had a significant positive correlation with individual prosocial behavior;while under the background of low power distance,individualism,and short-term orientation,time pressure had a significant positive correlation with individual proactive behavior.Second,compared with low team interdependence,in the context of high team interdependence,time pressure showed a more positive correlation with individual job performance,innovative performance and prosocial behavior.Finally,compared to other-evaluated data,time pressure had a more positive correlation with self-evaluated employee job performance and behavior outcomes.This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive and reliable conclusion for the impact of time pressure on individual work outcomes,and also offers theoretical references and practical guidance for future research.