眼睛效应不稳定性的原因阐释:基于主客观因素与心理机制视角

The causes of eye effect instability:Subjective and objective factors and psychological related mechanisms

眼睛效应指当呈现直视的眼睛线索时,个体的行为反应会发生明显变化。已有研究表明眼睛线索具有促进亲社会行为、减少反社会行为、提高自我意识等积极效应。然而在部分研究中眼睛效应并不能稳定地出现,导致其不稳定的因素包括眼睛的生理特征、情绪类型、呈现时间、眼神注视方向、任务交互形式、周边人数与噪音、个体自我意识、群体身份和行为成本等。眼睛效应的心理机制包括声誉机制和规则机制等。基于影响因素和心理机制视角解释眼睛效应不稳定性的原因,有助于为其产生稳定的效益提供理论启示。未来可进一步细化眼睛线索的种类来扩展研究的适用范围,结合认知神经科学技术深入探察相关的神经机制,在个体不同的发展阶段展开纵向对比,以及开展实地研究提高该领域研究的生态效度。

The eye effect refers to the significant changes in people’s behavior when presented with direct eye cues.Previous research has found that eye cues have several positive effects,such as increasing people’s prosocial behavior,reducing antisocial behavior,and increasing self-awareness.However,these effects are often unstable.Factors that lead to the instability of the eye effect include physiological characteristics of the eyes,emotional type,presentation time,direction of gaze,form of task interaction,number of people around,noise in the vicinity,individual self-awareness,group identity,and behavioral costs.The principles behind it can be summarized as reputation mechanism and rule mechanism.Explaining the reasons for the instability of the eye effect based on the influencing factors and psychological mechanisms perspectives can provide theoretical insights into its ability to produce stable benefits.Future research could further refine the types of eye cues to expand the scope of the study,incorporate cognitive neuroscience techniques to explore the neural mechanisms involved,conduct longitudinal comparisons at different developmental stages of individuals,and conduct field studies to improve the ecological validity of the research in this area.