管理心理研究中情景实验材料的使用现状与设计策略

The vignette in experimental vignette methodology:Current status and design strategies in managerial psychology research

虽然情景实验是管理心理领域兼具内部效度和生态效度的一种研究设计,但仍缺少详细、规范的情景实验材料设计指南。基于此,本研究在介绍了情景实验内涵、类别、与情境启动法区别的基础上,编码分析了20本国内外管理心理领域期刊近5年的93项情景实验,从设计前、中、后三个阶段开发了情景实验材料的设计策略。其中,设计前阶段侧重能否采用情景实验;设计阶段侧重如何形成实验材料初稿,依次为确定情景数量、初步设计情景、选择情景媒介、规范情景材料和营造真实情景五个子阶段。设计后阶段侧重评价材料是否具有真实性和有效性。若未通过检验或存在扩展材料的需求,研究者应返回设计阶段不断修改或改写,直至使其符合标准。未来研究可以重视理论选择并借助关键事件技术、信息技术及可迭代的决策情景提升情景材料适切性、丰富性和真实性。

Although the experimental vignette methodology(EVM)enhances both internal and ecological validity,there is still a lack of detailed and standardized guidance for the design of vignettes in the field of management.Based on this,this study first introduced the definition and types of EVM.Additionally,we clarified the differences between EVM and contextual priming methodology.Second,we coded and analyzed 93 scenario experiments published in 20 major domestic and foreign management-related journals over the past five years.Utilizing the coded data,we presented an in-depth examination of how to design the vignettes in EVM across three stages:pre-design,design,and post-design.During the pre-design phase,the focus was on determining when to utilize the EVM;The design stage centered on how to draft the vignettes,which was divided into five sub-stages:determining the number of vignettes,drafting the vignettes,choosing the media,standardizing vignettes and enhancing vignettes’realism.The post-design stage focused on evaluating whether the vignettes were clear,realistic,complete and effective.If the vignettes failed to meet the desired standards or another scenario experiment was required,researchers should return to the design stage to iteratively modify or rewrite the vignettes until they met the desired criteria.Future research could utilize incident technique and information technology to develop vignettes.Furthermore,vignettes with iterative decision are encouraged to be created.It is also important to note that the design process of vignettes should be guided by theoretical principles.By doing so,it will enhance the applicability,richness and authenticity of vignettes.