人工智能时代的道德迷思与解蔽

Ethical Misconceptions and Unveiling in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能时代的美好生活不能离开道德。道德既是人工智能理性的整合器、人工智能发展的导引器,也是人工智能犯罪的抑制器。人工智能在让人类享受技术发展带来的普惠性红利的同时,也引发了人类价值迷失、道德秩序紊乱、道德责任消弭、道德自由衰落、道德信任缺失等一系列道德迷思。为此,要通过强化人对自身存在意义的认知、培养人的人文关怀意识、提高道德推理能力来捍卫人的道德主体地位,使人类成为智能时代道德的运用者和审视者;要设定人工智能研发和使用的道德圭臬,促使价值理性回归,实现工具理性和价值理性的平衡;要通过优化算法设计、规范算法使用、强化算法监督等多种途径构建完善的算法法律法规体系,确保算法合法、公正、透明,从而有效维护智能时代的道德秩序;要将道德原则嵌入智能机器设计,赋予人工智能道德感,从“关系转向”的视角重塑和谐共融的新型人机关系,进而形成人工智能发展和人类福祉增进的双赢局面。

The pursuit of a better life in the age of artificial intelligence(AI)is inseparable from ethical considerations.Ethics serves not only as an integrator of AI rationality and a guide for AI development but also as a deterrent against AI-related crimes.While AI brings about inclusive benefits of technological advancement,it concurrently triggers a spectrum of ethical misconceptions,including the loss of human values,the disorder of moral order,the abolition of moral responsibility,the decline of moral freedom,and the lack of moral trust.Consequently,defending the moral subject status of human beings requires reinforcing people's awareness of their own meaning of existence,nurturing their humanistic awareness,and enhancing their moral reasoning capabilities so that human beings can become users and reviewers of morality in the age of AI.Establishing ethical norms for AI research and application is essential to restore value rationality and achieve a balance between instrumental and value rationality.Constructing a robust legal framework for algorithms,encompassing optimized algorithm design,standardized algorithm use,and strengthened algorithm supervision,is crucial to ensuring the legality,fairness,and transparency of algorithms,thereby effectively upholding ethical order in the age of AI.Moreover,embedding ethical principles into the design of intelligent machines endows AI with moral sense,facilitating the reshaping of a new harmonious and inclusive human-machine relationship from a"shift of focus"perspective.This approach contributes to the creation of a mutually beneficial scenario for the development of AI and the enhancement of human well-being.