跨越信息不对称的陷阱:国家治理现代化的信息维度

Overcoming the Pitfalls of Information Asymmetry:The Information Dimension of the Modernization of State Governance

信息具有分散性、多样性和可变性,也是不均衡分布的。信息不对称理论从主体关系的角度揭示了差异化的信息处境,成为分析社会行动及其策略的工具。不仅经济活动中广泛存在着信息不对称现象,国家治理领域也存在着普遍的信息不对称难题,具体包括国家治理体系外部和内部的信息不对称。国家也经常是信息不对称的弱势方,受到信息短缺或偏差等问题的困扰。国家通过集中化的信息普查和分散化的摸清底数等途径来采集信息,目的都是要系统性地获得有关社会事实的信息,破解国家与社会之间的信息不对称。信息不对称的事实塑造了信息短缺的焦虑、搜索信息的冲动、完备信息的想象以及信息保密的本能等扭曲效应,构成了国家信息化活动的基本底色。推进国家治理现代化必须要正视信息不对称问题及其影响,重构和优化国家治理的信息机制,着力跨越信息不对称的陷阱,最终提升国家治理的准确性、适应性和有效性。

Information has the characteristics of dispersion,diversity and variability,and is also unevenly distributed.The theory of information asymmetry reveals differentiated information situations from the perspective of subject relations,serving as a tool for analyzing social actions and their strategies.Not only is information asymmetry widespread in economic activities,but also it pervades the sphere of state governance,specifically including external and internal information asymmetry of the state governance system.The state is also often the disadvantaged party in information asymmetry,plagued by problems like information shortage or deviation.Through centralized information census and decentralized grassroots surveys,the state collects information for the purpose of systematically obtaining knowledge about social facts,so as to eliminate information asymmetry between the state and society.The fact of information asymmetry shapes distorting effects like anxiety over information shortage,impulse to search for information,imagination of perfect information,and instinct for information confidentiality,constituting the basic tone of state informatization activities.Advancing the modernization of state governance requires a critical examination of the issue of information asymmetry and its impacts.It is essential to reconstruct and optimize information mechanisms for state governance,with a focused effort on overcoming the pitfalls of information asymmetry.Ultimately,this endeavor aims to enhance the accuracy,adaptability,and effectiveness of state governance.