水凝胶制备人工角膜研究现状及展望

Research status and prospect of hydrogel preparation for artificial cornea

角膜移植是治疗严重角膜疾病的最终选择方式,但角膜供体短缺一直是阻碍角膜移植的主要问题,相对于传统的人工角膜制备方式,伴随着新材料、新技术、新业态出现的水凝胶为人工角膜的制备提供了可能。水凝胶类似于细胞外基质的等效物,具有较高的生物相容性、低免疫原性等特点,已在多个行业得到推广应用。水凝胶作为再生医学的重要材料,在药物研发、3D细胞培养、干细胞的研究、3D打印生物墨水等领域展现出强大的应用前景。可用于水凝胶的材料主要有透明质酸、明胶、海藻酸钠等,以水凝胶为材料结合不同的3D打印技术制备人工角膜已经进行大量的研究并取得了一定的技术和理论突破。本文对水凝胶结合3D打印在人工角膜制备方面的研究进展做一综述。

Currently,the dominating treatment of corneal blindness is corneal transplantation,but the shortage of corneal donors has been a major problem in corneal transplantation.Compared with the traditional preparation method of artificial cornea,with the emergence of new materials,new technologies and new commercial activities,hydrogel provides a new possibility for the preparation of artificial cornea.Hydrogel is similar to the equivalent of extracellular matrix,with high biocompatibility,low immunogenicity and other characteristics,so it has been popularized and applied in many industries.As an important material of regenerative medicine,hydrogel has shown a strong application prospect in pharmaceutical research,3D cell culture,stem cell research,3D printing bio-ink and other fields.The main materials used for generating hydrogels are hyaluronic acid,gelatin,sodium alginate,etc.A lot of researches on using hydrogels as materials combined with different 3D printing technologies to prepare artificial corneas have been carried out and certain technical and theoretical breakthroughs have been made.This article briefly reviewed the research progress of hydrogel combined with 3D printing in the preparation of artificial cornea.