教育竞争、家校联系与教育不平等——以围绕家庭作业的家校互动为例

Educational Competition,Family-School Interaction and Educational Inequality:Based on the Family-School Interaction around Homework

本研究以一所城市小学和一所乡镇小学围绕家庭作业的家校互动为案例,探讨了二者在教育环境上的差异及其对家校互动过程和模式的影响。研究发现,高度竞争及高度分化的教育环境促生了“竞争驱动、双向支持”的家校关系;有限竞争和分化较低的教育环境促生了“被动应对、单向依赖”的家校关系。前者意味着学校与家庭乃至市场建构起合力促进学生发展、共同应对教育竞争的教育网络;后者则意味着学校在教育过程中发挥主导甚至唯一作用。家庭运作空间的增大弱化了学校资源的作用,而在家庭资源弱势的环境中,学校对学生学业发挥着比家庭更大的平等化作用。家校联系既勾连了教育过程与结果,也勾连了微观层面的家校行为与中观层面的教育环境,折射出教育发展的不均衡。

Taking family-school interaction around homework in an urban and a township elementary school as examples,this study examines the differences in the educational environments of the two and explores their impact on the processes and patterns of family-school interactions.The study found that highly competitive and differentiated educational environments promote a“competition-driven,two-way supportive”family-school relationship.In contrast,educational environments with limited competition and low differentiation promote a“passive response,one-way dependent”family-school relationship.The former implies that schools,families,and even the market,construct an educational network that works together to cope with educational competition and promote students’academic development.The latter implies that schools play an absolutely dominant or even exclusive role in the education process.Besides,the increased space for families weakens the role of school resources,and in an environment where family resources are weak,schools play a more equalizing role than families.The family-school relationship links not only educational processes and outcomes but also micro-level family-school behaviors and meso-level educational environments,affecting educational equity.