在行政动员之外:公私部门人员捐赠行为差异何以产生?

Beyond Administrative Mobilization:How Does the Differences in Donation Behavior between Public and Private Employees Generate

已有研究大多基于行政动员视角解释公共部门人员捐赠水平为何高于私人部门人员,本文则创新性地将行政动员和亲社会动机同时纳入研究模型,系统考察了个体捐赠行为“公私有别”的内在机制。基于CGSS数据的分析发现:与私人部门人员相比,公共部门人员的捐赠金额和捐赠比例均显著更高,原因不仅在于他们在捐赠过程中面临着更多的行政动员甚至行政强制,还在于其拥有比私人部门人员更强的亲社会动机。不过,亲社会动机的影响相对较弱,样本期内行政动员仍然是公私部门人员捐赠行为差异产生的主要机制,这在扶贫救灾、医疗卫生、教育、生态环保等各类捐赠领域均有所体现。本研究表明,公共部门人员比私人部门人员更多投身慈善事业不完全是“被动的自愿参与”和“行政化参与”,该行为一定程度上还兼具“主动性参与”和“道德化参与”的意涵。

Most existing studies explain why public employees donate more than private employees based on the administrative mobilization perspective.This paper innovatively incorporates both administrative mobilization and prosocial motivation into the research model and systematically investigates the mediating mechanism of the“public-private difference”in individual donation behavior.Based on the CGSS data,the paper reveals that compared with private employees,the amount and proportion of donations from public employees are significantly higher,which is not only because they have been subjected to more administrative mobilization and even administrative coercion in the process of donation,but also due to they have stronger prosocial motivation than private employees.However,the effect of prosocial motivation is relatively weak,and administrative mobilization is still the primary mechanism for the differences in donation behavior between public and private employees in the sample period,which is reflected in various core donation fields such as poverty alleviation and disaster relief,health care,education,and ecological protection.Our research shows that public employees are more involved in philanthropy than private employees,which is more than just a kind of“passively voluntary participation”and“administrative participation”;it has the meaning of“proactive participation”and“moral participation”to a certain extent.