涠洲岛珊瑚礁区多介质环境中有机磷酸酯的污染特征、风险评价及来源解析

Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of organophosphateesters in multi-environmental media in coral reef regions of Weizhou island

有机磷酸酯(OPEs)是环境中新兴的有机污染物,其在珊瑚礁区多介质环境中的污染特征及生态风险尚不清楚。为此,本文以南海北部涠洲岛珊瑚礁区为研究区域,使用气相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱仪(GC-MS/MS)对该区域海水、沉积物和珊瑚中11种典型OPEs的污染特征进行了研究。结果表明,涠洲岛珊瑚礁区多介质环境中OPEs以氯代为主,占比为77%~96%。海水和沉积物中OPEs总含量(∑11OPEs)分别为43.2~51.7 ng/L和7.09~20.5 ng/g,相对于我国其他海域,其污染水平较低。珊瑚共生虫黄藻中∑11OPEs(146~4048 ng/g)含量显著高于珊瑚组织(nd~334 ng/g)(p<0.01),共生虫黄藻在珊瑚积累OPEs时起重要作用。生物稀释效应强烈影响珊瑚共生虫黄藻中磷酸三异丁酯(TIBP)和磷酸三正丁酯(TNBP)的累积。海水中大部分OPEs的生态风险可以忽略不计,仅磷酸三苯酯(TPHP)对所有站位藻类和部分站位鱼类构成低生态风险,有关OPEs对珊瑚共生虫黄藻的毒性效应仍需进一步探讨。海水和沉积物中OPEs可能主要来源于渔业活动中塑料制品以及装修活动的释放,少部分可能来自游船和渔船在运输过程中的释放。

As emerging pollutants,the pollution characteristics and ecological risk of organophosphate esters(OPEs)in multi-environmental media from coral reef regions(CRRs)are still unknown.This study investigated the pollution characteristics of 11 typical OPEs in seawater, sediments, and corals from CRRs of Weizhouisland in the north of the South China Sea, using GC-MS/MS. The results showed that chlorinated OPEs weredominant in multi-environmental media in CRRs of Weizhou island, accounting for 77%-96%. The totalconcentrations of OPEs (Σ11OPEs) in seawater and sediment were 43.2-51.7 ng/L and 7.09-20.5 ng/g,respectively, which were relatively lower than other sea areas in China. It was found that Σ11OPEs weresignificantly higher in coral symbiotic zooxanthellae (146-4048 ng/g) than those in coral tissues (nd-334 ng/g) (p<0.01), symbiotic zooxanthellae played a crucial role in the accumulation of OPEs in corals. Thebiomass dilution strongly affected the accumulation of tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TIBP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate(TNBP) in coral symbiotic zooxanthellae. The ecological risk of most OPEs in seawater was negligible, butonly triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) posed a low ecological risk to algae on all sites and fish on some sites. Thetoxic effects of OPEs on coral symbiotic zooxanthellae remains to be further explored. The release of plasticproducts during fishery activities and renovation activities may be the main sources of OPEs in seawater andsediment, and a small proportion may come from release during the transportation of cruise ships and fishingvessels.