从文艺美学到政治美学:对元宇宙沉浸式特征的冷思考

From Literary Aesthetics to Political Aesthetics:A Cold Reflection on the Immersive Characteristics of the Metaverse

元宇宙进入大众视野以来,不仅成为深受关注的前沿热点,而且占据资本布局的重要位置。元宇宙的未来形态将其沉浸式特征在场景化、具身传播、持续在场以及社交融合等方面加以显现。沉浸从形式和意境两方面呈现了其对美学的极致追求,同时,元宇宙的构建蕴含人类解放的美学幻境,但加速背景下的元宇宙难以延续这种美学追求。现代性引发的“空洞在场”、技术理性诱发的“单向度的人”以及全景敞视触发的人的“规训”危机,加速了元宇宙空间中人的异化以及美学的消弭。因此,元宇宙空间的美学研究亟需一种政治转向。面对繁杂的现代社会,对元宇宙的审美思考要依托感性进行理性反思,增强两者的融合性与超越性,进而形成一种审美智性。在这一思路下,元宇宙的未来路径应秉持合理把握沉浸距离、平等之维的权力治理以及差别与本质共存的共同体原则,加快实现完满理想的追求。

Since the metaverse came into public view,it has not only become the forefront of attention,but has also occupied an important position of capital layout.The future form of the metaverse will show its immersive characteristics in the aspects of scene,embodied communication,continuous presence and social integration.Immersion presents the ultimate pursuit of aesthetics in terms of form and artistic conception.At the same time,the construction of the metaverse also contains the aesthetic fantasy of human liberation.However,it is difficult to continue this aesthetic pursuit in the metaverse under the accelerated background.The"empty presence"caused by modernity,the"one dimensional man"induced by technological rationality,and the"discipline"crisis caused by panoramic view accelerate the alienation of human beings and the elimination of aesthetics in the metaverse.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a political turn in the aesthetic research of the metaverse.In the face of complicated modern society,the aesthetic thinking of the metaverse needs to rely on the reflection of sensibility on rationality,enhance their fusion and transcendence,and then form an aesthetic intelligence.Following this approach,the future path of the metaverse should adhere to the principles of rational control of immersion distance,equal governance of power,and the community principle of difference and essence coexistence,so as to accelerate the pursuit of the ideal of perfection.