黄土边坡修复及绿化技术研究进展

Research Progress of Loess Slope Restoration and Greening Technology

黄土边坡土壤贫瘠偏碱性,具强湿陷性,低强度等特点,分布区域内气候干旱少雨,植物自然成活率低,水土流失严重,生态环境脆弱,修复难度较大,一直以来都是我国西北地区生态建设的主要问题之一。针对这一问题,大量学者从工程修复(灰土垫层、挤密桩、砌片石法、挂网喷浆、喷混凝土护坡、土工格栅、开挖鱼鳞坑)和植物绿化(喷播植草、铺设草皮、抗逆植物绿化、藤本垂直绿化、开穴栽植容器苗)等方面做了很多有意义的探索,但在实际应用过程中也产生了一些不尽如人意的地方。工程修复更多关注边坡的安全防护,对景观美化及排水工程配套重视不够;植物绿化则存在物种选择单一、过度依赖乡土物种或外来引种、植物配置不合理、后期养护不重视等问题。本文从黄土边坡修复技术(工程修复、植生袋及基质的应用、植物修复)着眼,在梳理和总结前人相关研究工作的基础上对未来发展趋势进行展望,旨在为黄土边坡的生态修复提供新的思路。

Loess slopes with barren alkaline soil,strong collapsibility,low strength and other characteristics,distribution area with arid climate and little rain,low natural survival rate of plants,serious soil erosion,fragile ecological environment,and greater difficulty in restoration,have always been one of the main problems of the ecological construction in northwest China.In response to this problem,a large number of scholars have made a lot of meaningful exploration from the aspects of engineering restoration(e.g.,gray soil cushion,compaction pile,masonry method,net shotcrete,shotcrete slope protection,geogrid,and fish scale pit excavation)and plant greening(e.g.,spray planting grass,sod laying,anti-stress plant greening,vine vertical greening,and opening hole planting container seedlings).However,some unsatisfactory places have been produced in the actual application process.The engineering restoration pays more attention to the safety protection of the slope,and pays less attention to the landscaping and drainage engineering.There are some problems in the plant greening,such as single species selection,excessive dependence on native species or imported species,unreasonable plant allocation,and neglect of late conservation.This review focused on the restoration technology of loess slope(i.e.,engineering restoration,application of planting bags and substrates,and phytoremediation),and looks forward to the future development trend on the basis of combing and summarizing the previous research work,aiming at providing new ideas for the ecological restoration of loess slope.