市郊铁路建设与超大城市“1小时通勤圈”空间重构研究——基于环京通勤圈的实证分析

Research on spatial structure reconstruction of the one-hour commuting circle around Beijing led by suburban railway

改造和利用既有国铁资源发展市郊铁路是解决超大城市人口及功能过度集中、引领城市空间布局优化、促进“1小时通勤圈”建设的有效手段。以环北京通勤圈建设为例,从空间布局、交通支撑、功能引导、机制保障四个层面提出市郊铁路引领超大城市“1小时通勤圈”建设的框架模式。提出构建“轨道通勤走廊+自立型城市圈”的通勤圈新空间结构,形成梯度合理的“中心—外围”圈层布局;补齐市郊铁路通勤出行短板,支撑通勤圈的快速通勤需求;推动高端服务功能落地通勤圈,避免简单化的产业功能承接;探索经济区与行政区适度分离改革,解决通勤圈一体化管理、建设、发展等核心问题。

The transformation and use of existing national railway resources to develop suburban railway is an effective means to solve the problem of over-concentration of population and functions in megacities,leading the optimization of urban spatial layout,and promoting the construction of the“1-hour commuting circle”.Taking the construction of Beijing commuter circle as an example,this paper puts forward the framework model of suburban railway leading the construction of“1-hour commuting circle”in megacities from four aspects:spatial layout,traffic support,function guidance and mechanism guarantee.This paper proposes to construct a new spatial structure of“rail commuting corridor+self-supporting urban circle”to form a“center-periphery”circle layout with reasonable gradient.It will make up for the short board of suburban railway commuting and support the fast commuting demand of commuting demand;promote high-end service functions landing in the commuting circle to avoid simplistic industrial function undertaking;and explore the reform of the appropriate separation of economic zones and administrative regions,solving the core issues of“how to manage,build,divide,and develop”in the commuting circle.