词素与词性对日语形态复杂词加工的影响

The Influence of Morpheme Types and Lexical Category on the Processing of Japanese Morphologically Complex Words

形态复杂词在日语词汇系统中占很大比重,词素与词性对其加工机制的影响尚不明确,一项视觉掩蔽启动实验的研究结果表明,日语形态复杂词的加工机制在词素作用下呈现“趋同性”,虽然母语—二语形态加工效率差异显著,但加工机制稳定趋向于词素分解。词性对加工机制的影响呈现“分离性”,其在亚词汇层级特征上的“有/无标性”是决定加工效率的重要线索,“无标”的形容词词根词加工效率更高。从实验结果看,范式设置是决定研究结果稳定性的重要因素,形态复杂词的加工机制还与其形态变化层面的跨语言差异性直接相关。

Morphologically complex words account for a large proportion of Japanese vocabulary.The influence of morpheme type and lexical category on the processing of morphologically complex words is still ambiguous.The results from a visual lexical decision experiment based on the masked priming paradigm show that the process of Japanese morphologically complex words presents as convergent,which means its processing mechanism is not affected by morpheme types.Although there is a significant difference on the processing efficiency between natives and non-natives,the processing mechanism is stable and tends to be decomposed.In contrast,the influence of lexical category leads to a separable process.The(un)markness of transformation in the sub-lexical level is an important cue to the processing efficiency,namely the unmarked morphologically complex words with adjective roots are easy to be processed.Therefore,we conclude that the results of experimental studies are greatly influenced by the settings of paradigms.In addition,the processing mechanism of morphological words is also directly related to the cross-lingual differences of morphological transformation.