新民主主义革命时期毛泽东林业思想与实践

Mao Zedong s Thoughts and Practices on Forestry in the New Democratic Revolution Period

在新民主主义革命时期,毛泽东对造林问题开展了积极的探索,深入研究这段历史对于全面认识毛泽东林业思想、指导实践具有重要意义。文中梳理了新民主主义革命时期毛泽东撰写的调查报告、起草的法律法规,及苏区政府和陕甘宁边区政府出台的政策文件等史料,对新民主主义革命时期毛泽东的林业思想与实践进行总结归纳。研究发现:在五四运动与国民革命时期,毛泽东计划研究造林问题,认识到农民缺少山林田地是严重的社会问题;在土地革命战争时期,毛泽东认识到没有树木易造成水旱灾,森林的培养也是农业的重要部分,在苏区革命根据地领导农民制定土地法,分山林,发起植树运动,开展山林保护;在抗日战争和解放战争时期,毛泽东在陕北领导建立林业机构,制定种树计划,开展林业科研和调查,促进了陕甘宁边区林业的发展。毛泽东早期林业思想和实践为中华人民共和国林业发展奠定了基础,而且与1949年后毛泽东林业思想作为一个整体,对其后中国共产党领导的林业事业和生态文明建设产生了重要而深远的影响。

During the period of the New Democratic Revolution,Mao Zedong made active explorations on afforestation,and the in-depth study of this history is of great significance to comprehensively understand Mao Zedong s thoughts on forestry.This paper reviews the investigation report and the laws and regulations drafted by Mao Zedong and the policy documents issued by the Soviet Area Government and the Government of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region,and summarizes Mao Zedong s thoughts and practices on forestry in the period of the New Democratic Revolution.The study finds that Mao Zedong realized the serious social problem of peasants shortage of forests and lands and planned to study the afforestation issue in the periods of May 4th Patriotic Movement and the National Revolution.In the period of Land Revolutionary War,Mao Zedong realized that floods and droughts easily happened if without trees,and the cultivation of forests was an integral part of agriculture.To solve this,he led peasants to formulate land laws,allocate forests,launch a tree-planting movement and carry out forest protection activities in the revolutionary base of the Soviet Area.In the Anti-Japanese War and the Liberation War,Mao Zedong led the Party and the people to establish forestry institutions in northern Shaanxi,developed a tree planting plan,and carried out forestry research and investigation,which promoted the forestry development there.Mao Zedong s thoughts and practices on forestry laid a foundation for the forestry development of the People s Republic of China,which had an important and far-reaching influence on forestry and ecological civilization development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China if combined with Mao Zedong s thoughts on forestry after 1949.