试论《汉书·艺文志》分类思想中“诗”之内涵

On the Connotation of “Poetry” in the Classification Ideology In the Book of Hanshu Yiwenzhi

《汉书·艺文志》作为我国第一部史志目录,在分类中首先确定了诗赋略一类,是对以诗赋为代表的文学的肯定。作为文学传统的诗歌,是指六艺略中的《诗经》,诗赋略中的部分屈原赋和歌诗。这三部分共同构成了《汉书·艺文志》中的“诗”,这种分类兼顾了《诗经》作为六艺的主要身份,同时通过隐形的“互著”在诗赋略标题先后的顺序之中得到体现。在赋类中以屈原赋作为诗赋源流的分界,以此来彰显诗赋文体之变迁。最后列出歌诗一类,通过赋成为文人创作的主流文学体裁,反映了文人与歌诗的疏离。《汉书·艺文志》分类思想的背后是汉代文士对于诗歌这一文体的认识和探讨。

As the first catalogue of historical records in China, Hanshu Yiwenzhi first defines a category of Poetry and Fu in its classification, which is the affirmation of literature represented by poetry and fu. As a literary tradition, poetry refers to the Book of Songs in the Six Art, as well as some Qu Yuan's Fu and Song Poems in the Poetry and Fu. These three parts together constitute the“poetry”in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. This classification takes into account the main identity of the Book of Songs as the six arts, and is reflected in the order of the titles of the Poetry and Fu through the invisible“mutual writing”. In the category of Fu, Qu Yuan's Fu serves as the boundary between the origin and development of Poetry and Fu, in order to demonstrate the changes in the style of Poetry and Fu. Finally, a category of Poetry is listed, which has become the mainstream literary genre for literati to create, reflecting the alienation between literati and Poetry. The understanding and exploration of Poetry as a literary genre by literati in Han Dynasty lies behind the classification ideology of the Book of Hanshu Yiwenzhi.