启蒙与回响:鲁迅与日本的文学因缘

Enlightenment and Its Reverberation:A Study of the Literary Interactions between Lu Xun and Japanese Intellectuals

青年鲁迅留日期间是其开阔眼界与吸收各国文化的关键时期,然而屈辱的求学经历益加坚定其对国家命运的关怀并转入对国民性改造的探索。鲁迅译介日本小说与日本启蒙思想乃其文明“盗火”之始,同时他又将日本启蒙思想的元素融入小说创作之中,而且他的不少小说也受了当时日本作家的影响。《狂人日记》发表以后,日本学界立即予以热情译介,这对确立鲁迅在中国文坛的地位有莫大的帮助。战败后的日本又以鲁迅作为反省与自强的导师。鲁迅与日本的文学因缘是20世纪中日两国最先锋的跨国交流。

The period of Lu Xun’s study in Japan was a crucial one for him to broaden his horizons and absorb the cultures of various countries.However,his unhappy experience of study in Japan enhanced his concern for the fate of China,which led him to explore the transformation of Chinese national character.Lu Xun’s translation of Japanese novels and Japanese thoughts of enlightenment was the start of his“stealing fire”from civilization.He described his role as a translator as‘stealing the foreign fire to cook his own flesh’to be chewed upon by his readers.Besides,he digested the thoughts of enlightenment of Japan,which were also palpable in his own literary creations.Many of Lu Xun’s novels were also influenced by prominent Japanese writers at the time.After the publication of his Madman’s Diary,the Japanese academia immediately translated it into Japanese,which conduced greatly to the establishment of Lu Xun’s literary status in China.After the defeat of Japan in the Second World War,Japanese intellectuals turned to Lu Xun and his thoughts for self-reflection and self-improvement.In short,the interactions of literary creations and thoughts of enlightenment between Lu Xun and his Japanese counterparts served as the forerunner of cross-cultural exchanges between China and Japan in the 20th century.