科学思维视阈下的隐私制度:法律界定、立法评析和未来瞻望

Privacy system from the perspective of Scientific Thinking:Legal Definition,Legislative Analysis and Future Prospects

科学的思维是以公理为基础,通过概念、判断、推理等思维形式能动地反映客观事物的一种认识运动,它要求对概念的界定应该遵循相应的规则。欧美的立法及其理论则不仅混淆了不同学科上的隐私概念,而且其对隐私的界定还有悖于科学的思维与方法,存在外延不周和法律适用不确定的缺陷。我国《民法典》及其理论上的隐私制度由于是用美国的隐私概念糅合了欧美隐私的内容,因此也存在同样的问题。未来我国民法典应改变欠妥的隐私观念,以法律保护的利益为视角将隐私界定为:直接承载个人名誉或尊严利益的个人信息。这样,隐私利益就可以纳入名誉权和一般人格权中予以保护。因此,在民法典承认一般人格权和名誉权的情况下,隐私权已没有存在的必要。

Scientific thinking is a cognitive process based on axioms,which actively reflects the object of knowledge through concepts,judgments,reasoning,and other forms of thinking.It requires that the definition of concepts should follow correspond-ing rules.The legislation and theories in Europe and America not only confuse the concept of privacy in different disciplines,but also contradict scientific thinking and methods in defining privacy,with defects such as inadequate extension and uncertain legal application.The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and its theoretical system regarding privacy issues also have the same problem because of their reference to the American concept of privacy to mix the contents of European and American stances on privacy.In the future,China’s Civil Code should rectify its wrong concept of privacy,and define privacy as personal informa-tion that directly carries the interests of personal reputation or dignity from the perspective of legal protection.In this way,privacy interests can be included in the right of reputation and the general personality rights to be protected.Therefore,under the condi-tion that the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China recognizes the general personality rights and the right of reputation,the need for the presence of the right of privacy is therefore obviated.