PISA 2022数学推理分析与启示——以样题为例

Analysis and Enlightenment of Mathematical Reasoning Ability Assessment from PISA 2022-Taking the Sample Questions for Example

数学推理能力一直以来是世界各国数学教育关注的焦点之一,PISA 2022首次突出了数学推理能力在问题解决中的核心地位。文章首先通过详细分析考查数学推理能力的三道样题,展示PISA 2022如何测评学生的数学推理能力;根据参与测试的东亚6个国家和地区学生在这三个题项上的得分,分析学生数学推理能力的总体表现,并比较具有不同精熟度水平的学生在数学推理能力上的差异。结果显示,东亚6个国家和地区学生的数学推理能力总体表现较好,但不同精熟度水平的学生的数学推理能力差异较大,且同一精熟度水平的学生在推理能力上也存在差异。基于研究结果,文章提出对我国数学推理能力培养的建议:一是加深学生对概念的理解;二是关注学生差异,满足学生需求;三是在情境中理解数学。

Mathematical reasoning ability has always been a hot topic of mathematics education worldwide,and PISA 2022 highlights for the first time that mathematical reasoning ability is core of problem solving.This paper shows how PISA 2022 evaluates students’mathematical reasoning ability first by analyzing in detail the three released items that test mathematical reasoning ability.Secondly,it analyses the overall performance of students’mathematical reasoning ability based on their scores on the three items and compares the differences among students with different proficiency levels.The results show that students in the six East Asian economies generally performed better in mathematical reasoning,but students with different proficiency levels differ a lot in the mathematical reasoning ability,and even students with the same proficiency level have significant differences.Based on the results,enlightenment for the development of Chinese students’mathematical reasoning ability is proposed,such as deepening students’understanding of concepts,paying attention to students’differences and understanding mathematics in context.