三段式通识教育体系的实践探索与思考

建设教育强国,造就拔尖创新人才是我国高等教育发展的未来方向。“通识教育”重在培养综合素养能力,顺应高等教育发展趋势,正越来越成为人才培养改革的热点。担负着发展航空航天事业使命的B大学,紧跟国家战略需求调整育人模式。从21世纪初B大学经过科学试点、有序推进,最终形成三段式本科通识教育体系,即大类通识培养阶段、专业基础培养阶段与研究能力培养阶段结合。其中在大类培养阶段,以书院制育人与课堂教育结合强化通识教育,塑造基本科学研究思维;在专业基础培养阶段,培养跨学科知识结构和思维方式;在研究能力培养阶段,将科学前沿和交叉学科融合,培养科研能力;通过三阶段结合,创新人才培养效果显著。该文深入分析B大学通识教育实践过程中取得的成果和仍面临的困境,思考如何在新时代高质量人才培养的背景下更加突出B大学特色,进一步升级现有通识教育体系。

Building a strong higher education country,cultivating top innovative talents is the development direction of China's higher education.As an important carrier of comprehensive quality training,"General education"conforms to the development of the higher education,has attracted more and more attention.Bearing the mission of developing aerospace industry,B University has been closely following the call of the times and adjusting the education mode according to the national strategic needs.Since the beginning of the 21st century,after scientific pilot and orderly promotion,B University eventually formed a three steps general education system,which consist of the large-category training stage,the professional basic training stage and the research ability cultivation stage.In the large-category training stage,we would strengthen the general knowledge ability through combining college education with classroom education,and then shape the basic scientific research thinking ability of these freshman students.In the professional basic training stage,we would cultivate students'interdisciplinary knowledge structure and thinking mode.In the stage of research ability cultivation,students'scientific research ability is cultivated through the integration of scientific frontier and cross-disciplines.Through the establishment of three-step general education system,the cultivation effect of innovative talents is remarkable.In this paper,we deeply analyzes the achievements and difficulties during the practice of general education of B University,in the same time we considers how to highlight the characteristics of B University under the background of high-quality talent training in the new era.