大国战略竞争背景下美国海外基础设施建设的逻辑

The Strategic Logic Behind US Overseas Infrastructure Initiatives in an Era of Great Power Competition

海外基础设施建设日益成为美国外交政策的优先议程。特朗普政府时期即通过推进“印太”基础设施合作、启动“美洲增长倡议”和落实“繁荣非洲倡议”等举措,加强全球基础设施建设。拜登政府执政以来延续、推进了这一对外政策。2021年和2022年,拜登政府先后在七国集团峰会上提出B3W倡议和PGII倡议,旨在进一步拓展对发展中国家基础设施投资。美国海外基础设施建设善用在私人资本、联盟体系以及先进技术上的比较优势,体现出了战略性、整体性和全局性。美国政府积极参与海外基础设施建设竞争的根本动因是希望通过提供国际公共产品来获取经济、政治以及制度利益,以维护其自由霸权秩序。在大国战略竞争时代,中美海外基建竞争的频度和强度有可能进一步加剧。展望未来,尽管蓝图宏大,美国海外基础设施建设仍面临公共融资困境和联盟困境。

Overseas infrastructure initiatives have become a priority in US foreign policy.The Trump administration expanded efforts through the Indo-Pacific infrastructure program,Growth in the Americas plan,and Prosper Africa initiative.Biden has continued this approach since taking office,proposing the Build Back Better World(B3W)partnership and Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment(PGII)to spur infrastructure investment in developing countries.Leveraging advantages in private capital,alliances,and technology,these strategic programs aim to secure economic,political,and institutional benefits by providing public goods,thereby upholding US liberal hegemonic order.As strategic competition intensifies,infrastructure rivalry between the US and China will likely grow in frequency and intensity.However,America’s ambitious infrastructure agenda faces challenges in public financing and alliance cooperation.