西方现代人格理想的追寻与构建——从哈姆雷特到浮士德

The Pursuit and Construction of Ideal Humanity in Modern Western Literature--From Hamlet to Faust

人的发现,人的个性发展与完善一直是西方文学关注的话题。从文艺复兴时期“人的发现”到18世纪启蒙时代主体性的人的觉醒和探索实践无不是伟大的文学家们对时代做出的回应和反思。莎士比亚笔下的哈姆雷特、歌德笔下的人物形象以及歌德本人一生的追求,展示了西方文学人性理想在精神发展脉络上的某些联系:从传统走向现代的西方人在自我认识的漫长历程中逐渐由审美的人性理想转向了更具扩张性的实践体验。浮士德的形象作为现代早期主体性人格理想的实践者,同时也引发了对现代性问题的警惕与反思。

The development and improvement of human personality has always been a focused topic in western literature.From the Renaissance“human discovery”to the subjective awakening and exploring practice of human being in the 18th century are all responses and reflections of the great writers to the times.Shakespeare’s Hamlet,Goethe’s characters and his life-long pursuit,all display some connections of western literature in its succession of presenting ideal humanity.In the long course of self-awareness,modern westerners gradually turned from aesthetic ideal humanity to expansive practical experience.The image of Faust,as the practitioner of the early modern subjective ideal humanity,also triggered the vigilance and reflection on the problem of modernity.