区块链赋能的低空智联网

Low-Altitude Intelligent Network Empowered by Blockchain

低空智联网是低空经济发展的重要基础设施,在这种复杂的系统中,无人机的安全控制面临着空域安全、数据安全及频谱安全等多重安全挑战。为了同时解决这3个问题,本文提出了一个基于区块链的三面协同监管架构,同时使用链上和链下信息。链上包含无人机身份和注册等信息,而链下包含广播式自动相关监视(Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast,ADS-B)和频谱等信息。为解决跨域认证问题,提出了一种基于ADS-B信息和无证书的高效签名算法。由于ADS-B协议中缺乏纠错机制,ADS-B信息在传输过程中容易受到信道噪声和干扰而产生错误,因此哈希验证可能会失败。为了缓解这种签名失败,设计了一种基于纠错码的跨层签名算法进行纠错。经实践验证,基于区块链的三面协同监管平台已成功试用于长江低空示范试验区。

Low-altitude intelligent network is an instrumental infrastructure for the outgrowth of low-altitude economy.However,the safety control of the unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)presented in such complex system faces multiple security challenges such as airspace security,data security,and spectrum security.To address these three issues simultaneously,a blockchain-based three-sided collaborative regulatory architecture,with the use of both“on-chain”and“off-chain”information,is proposed.The“on-chain”contains identity and registration information of UAVs,while the“off-chain”contains automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast(ADS-B)information and spectrum information.To solve the problem of cross-domain authentication,an effective signature algorithm is developed,which is based on the ADS-B information and certificateless signature.Furthermore,due to the lack of error correction mechanism in the ADS-B protocol,errors are easily incurred by channel noise and interference during the transmission of the ADS-B information.Consequently,the hash verification may fail.In order to alleviate such signature failure,a cross-layer signature algorithm based on error correction code is designed for correcting errors.The proposed blockchain-based three-sided collaborative regulatory platform has been well experimented over the Yangtze River low-altitude demonstration pilot zone and achieved great success.