硫磺回收装置过程气系统压降的影响因素及控制措施

Influencing factors and control measures of process gas system pressure drop in sulfur recovery unit

目的降低硫磺回收装置过程气系统压降,保持装置长周期运行。方法结合10×10^(4)t/a克劳斯+尾气处理工艺的硫磺回收装置工艺特点及标定工况,通过对装置典型设备及管道压降的研究计算和数据比对,找出装置过程气系统压降的影响因素。同时,根据生产实际对过程气系统压降的影响因素进行全面分析,提出降低系统压降的方法和措施。结果通过查图及计算等方法得到装置主要设备及管道压降的具体数值:①反应炉烧嘴压降为1.5 kPa;②每台换热设备压降约为1.0 kPa,过程气系统换热设备总压降为6.0 kPa;③反应器床层压降计算值仅74 Pa,具备很好的低压降性能;④急冷塔填料湿塔压降为760 Pa,吸收塔填料压降为2.3 kPa;⑤单个丝网除沫器压降为164 Pa,系统中丝网除沫器总压降为1.1 kPa;⑥过程气管道系统压降约3.0 kPa,每增加1 m管道,系统压降会增加15 Pa。过程气系统压降受到过程气总量、反应炉烧嘴、换热设备、反应器、塔设备、丝网除沫器及系统管道的影响。结论通过提升硫磺回收装置原料性质、精准控制制硫炉配风、保护反应器催化剂性能、稳定塔设备操作工况等,可保持较低的硫磺回收装置过程气系统压降,为装置长周期运行创造条件。

Objective The aim is to reduce the pressure drop of the process gas system of the sulfur recovery unit and maintain the long-term operation of the unit.Methods Combined with the process characteristics and calibration conditions of the 100 kt/a sulfur recovery unit with Claus and tail gas purification process,the influencing factors of the system pressure drop of the process gas were found out through the research,calculation and data comparison of the typical equipment and pipeline pressure drop of the unit.Besides,according to the actual production,the influencing factors of the system pressure drop of the process gas were comprehensively analyzed,and the methods and measures to reduce the system pressure drop were proposed.Results The specific pressure drop values of the main equipment and pipeline of the unit were obtained by means of drawing and calculation:(1)The pressure drop of the burner of the reaction furnace was 1.5 kPa.(2)The pressure drop of each heat exchange equipment was about 1.0 kPa,and the total pressure drop of the heat exchange equipment of the process gas system was 6.0 kPa.(3)The calculated pressure drop of the reactor bed was only 74 Pa,which had good low pressure drop performance.(4)The pressure drop of the wet tower of the quench tower packing was 760 Pa,and the pressure drop of the absorption tower packing was 2.3 kPa.(5)The pressure drop of a single wire mesh demister was 164 Pa,and the total pressure drop of the wire mesh demister in the system was 1.1 kPa.(6)The system pressure drop of the process gas pipeline was 3.0 kPa,and the system pressure drop would increase by 15 Pa for each additional 1 m pipeline.The system pressure drop of the process gas was affected by the total flow of process gas,the burner of the reaction furnace,the heat exchange equipment,the reactor,the tower equipment,the wire mesh demister and the system pipeline.Conclusions By improving the raw material properties of the sulfur recovery unit,accurately controlling the air distribution of the sulfur furnace,protecting the catalyst performance of the reactor,and stabilizing the operating conditions of the towers,the system pressure drop of the process gas in the sulfur recovery unit can be maintained at a low level,which can create conditions for the long-term operation of the device.