重载传动齿轮失效模式分析

Failure Mode Analysis of Heavy-duty Transmission Gears

通过对履带式车辆重载传动齿轮在服役过程中常见的失效模式进行讨论,从齿轮弯曲疲劳、齿面接触疲劳和齿面磨损3种主要失效模式的失效机理进行了分析,明确了齿根和齿面更易出现损伤,裂纹扩展导致齿轮失效,导致传动装置失效,造成车辆出现故障无法行驶。阐述了喷丸和超声滚压等表面残余应力控制技术作用于齿轮的强化机理,残余压应力能够有效降低促使裂纹扩展的拉应力,明确了成熟稳定的喷丸和超声滚压设备及体系化的工艺设计,能够保证重载传动齿轮表面强化的工业化批量生产。

By discussing the common failure modes of heavy-duty transmission gears of tracked vehicles in the service process,it was analyzed that the failure mechanism of three main failure modes including gear bending fatigue,tooth surface contact fatigue,and tooth surface wear.It was clear that the tooth root and tooth surface were more prone to damage,and the crack propagation leaded to gear failure which resulted in transmission failure and further leaded to vehicle failure and inability to drive.The mechanism of surface residual stress control technology such as shot peening and ultrasonic rolling on gears was expounded,the residual compressive stress could effectively reduce the tensile stress that promoted crack propagation.and the mature and stable shot peening and ultrasonic rolling equipment and systematic process design were defined,which ensured surface strengthening of heavy-duty transmission gears in the industrial batch production.