新见西夏文《佛说父母恩重经》残片考释

Textual Research on the Newly Discovered Fo Shuo Fu Mu En Zhong Jing Written in Tangut

近年来,国内拍卖会上陆续拍卖了3件民间藏西夏文《佛说父母恩重经》,分别是2014年德宝古籍秋拍的第64、72件拍品和2021年中贸圣佳春季拍卖会“万卷——名人信札古籍善本专场”3697号拍品。通过列表分析发现,这3件佛经为新发现《佛说父母恩重经》的两个不同版本,与已公布的英藏、俄藏西夏文《佛说父母恩重经》相比较,也属于不同版本,但均以俄藏黑水城汉文本TK-139、TK-120《佛说父母恩重经》为底本翻译而来,且64号和3687号佛经内容前后相接可以缀合,是同一版本相连的两件文献。此外,保存较为完整的施经发愿文是新见内容。从版式及发愿文中的“大朝国”来看,应为蒙元时期刻本。由此可知,这3件西夏文《佛说父母恩重经》经文是以西夏仁宗时期刻印的西夏文《佛说父母恩重经》为底本,在蒙元时期重新排版印制。多个版本的汉文、西夏文《佛说父母恩重经》在西夏和元代的流传,是这一时期佛教信仰和儒家孝道思想相融合的历史见证。

In recent years,three pieces of folk Tangut Fo Shuo Fu Mu En Zhong Jing have been auc-tioned in domestic auctions.It is the 64th and 72nd lot of the 2014 Debao Ancient Books A utumn auction and the 3697 lot of the 2021 Zhongmao Shengjia Spring auction.Through the list analysis and comparison,it is found that these three Buddhist sutras are two different versions of new discoveries.Compared with the published British collection and the Russian collection of the Tangut Fo Shuo Fu Mu En Zhong Jing,it also belongs to different vers ions.These three Buddhist sutras are all translated from the Chinese texts TK-139 and TK-120 Fo Shuo Fu Mu En Zhong Jing collected in Russia.Besides,the contents of Buddhist sutra No.64 and No.3697 can be linked,they are two documents connected by the same version.In addition,the preservation of relatively complete votive text is new.From the version style and the“Dachao country”in the votive text,it should be engraved in the Yuan Dynasty.It can be seen that these three pieces of the Tangut Fo Shuo Fu Mu En Zhong Jing are based on the Tangut Fo Shuo Fu Mu En Zhong Jing engraved in the peri-od of Renzong,then they were reprinted in the Yuan Dynasty.There were several versions of Fo Shuo Fu Mu En Zhong Jing written in Chinese and Tangut that circulated during the Xixia and the Yuan Dynasties.It is a historical witness of the integration of Buddhist beliefs and Confucian filial piety.