平台型组织创新:概念、特征与优势

Innovation in Platform-based Organizations: Concepts, Characteristics, and Advantages

平台型组织是依托平台商业模式,按照模块化分工形成的、由平台主和互补创新者构成的、具有核心外围结构的一种能够在新型商业机会和挑战中构建灵活的资源、惯例和结构组合的组织形态。平台型组织可以分为公司平台与行业平台、交易平台与创新平台、单边平台与多边平台、内部平台与外部平台等多个类型。平台型组织创新的主要特点是同时具备组织结构的“核心-外围”二元性和创新活动的“核心创新-互补创新”二元性。平台型组织创新的主要优势体现在平台的连接性与“ba-sho”原理、平台的模块化与互补原理、平台的传播性与社区原理、平台的数字趋势与数字赋能四个方面。平台型组织创新能力的提升,需要在平台构建过程中,根据组织结构二元性与创新活动二元性之间的多维匹配,对平台架构和界面开放程度进行合理设计;组织的平台化转型宜适时适度。

Platform-based organizations,reliant on the platform business model and characterized by modularized division of labor,form a unique organizational structure consisting of platform hosts and complementary innovators.These organizations possess a core-periphery structure,allowing them to flexibly construct resource,convention,and structural combinations in the face of new business opportunities and challenges.Platform-based organizations can be categorized into various types,such as corporate platforms versus industry platforms,transaction platforms versus innovation platforms,one-sided platforms versus multi-sided platforms,and internal platforms versus external platforms.The primary characteristics of innovation in platform-based organizations lie in the dualities of organizational structure,classified as"core-periphery",and innovation activities,categorized as "core innovation-complementary innovation".The main advantages of innovation in platform-based organizations manifest in four aspects:the connectivity and "ba-sho" principle of platforms,the modularity and complementarity principle of platforms,the dissemination and community principle of platforms,and the digital trend and digital empowerment of platforms.To enhance the innovation capability of platform-based organizations,it is essential to design platform architecture and interface openness based on multidimensional matching between the dualities of organizational structure and innovation activities during the platform construction process.The transformation towards platformization within an organization should be timely and moderate.