“镜”的性别空间:正视、反观与互见——《从保罗到佩德罗》中的镜像、自省与模拟

The Gender Space of Mirror:Mirror Metaphor,Reflection,and Simulation in Reventlow’s From Paul to Pedro

在哲学与文学的隐喻史中,“镜”始终都存有丰富的阐释空间。镜像的光学机制以及蕴含其中的循环批判,使其成为主体哲学话语中“反思”概念的重要隐喻来源。在女性文学中,镜像作为自省与模拟的隐喻,为女性主体的自我观照与自我确证以及蕴含其中的内在危机提供了丰富的诗学话语与审美空间。本文选取世纪转型时期德国女性艺术家与作家雷文特罗的书信体小说《从保罗到佩德罗》(1912)为研究对象,着重考察文本内具体的镜像空间,以及作为另一种镜像隐喻的女性写作本身。一方面,文本内的镜像空间所揭示的主体自觉与反思活动洋溢着早期女性主义文学的显著特征:反叛与颠覆,西方女性主义运动在社会层面的历史推进很大程度上也受益于文学场域中解构既有性别秩序的新女性形象;但另一方面,雷文特罗的写作本身也不免落入另一种“镜像模拟”的二元陷阱中,这对于如今的性别讨论具有特殊的启示意义。

In the history of philosophy and literature, the mirror metaphor is so profound that it admits of many interpretations. The optical mechanism of a mirror and its potential critique of the subjective circulation make the mirror image an important metaphorical source of the concept of reflection especially in the discourse of subjective philosophy. In female literature, the mirror metaphor for introspection and imitation provides a profound poetic discourse and aesthetic space for the female subject's self-observation and self-confirmation, as well as the inherent crisis contained therein. This article discusses the mirror metaphor in the epistolary novel From Paul to Pedro(1912) by the German female artist and writer Franziska zu Reventlow, focusing on the mirror scene in the text and the female writing as an extra-textual mirror metaphor. On the one hand, the subjective consciousness and reflective activities revealed in the mirror scene are permeated with the prominent characteristics of early feminist literature with significant features like rebellion and subversion. On the other hand, Reventlow's female writing inevitably falls into another kind of mirror simulation trap, which is specially enlightening for today's gender discussion.