上海市社区老年人社会隔离及其影响因素研究

Social isolation and its influencing factors in the older adults in communities in Shanghai

目的了解新型冠状病毒感染疫情背景下上海市社区老年人社会隔离现状及其影响因素方法2022年5—7月,采用便利抽样法选取上海市社区老人,采用Lubben社会网络简化版量表(Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6)、老年抑郁量表(Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15)、简明健康状况量表(the 36-item short form health survey, SF-36)和中国卫生行业标准《老年人营养不良风险评估》进行调查,采用logistic回归分析社会隔离影响因素。结果调查社区老年人406名,社会隔离的发生率为44.33%,99名(24.38%)老年人有抑郁症状,291名(71.67%)老年人有营养不良的危险,其生活质量总分处在一般水平。社区老年人社会隔离总分与营养不良风险总分和生命质量总分正相关(P<0.01);社会隔离程度越高,抑郁症状越明显(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,独居、在疫情期间失去亲友、抑郁是社区老年人发生社会隔离的危险性因素[OR (95%CI):0.14(0.05-0.39)、2.68 (1.50-4.81)、2.28 (1.40-3.71)]。结论 新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间,上海市社区老年人社会隔离发生率较高,生活质量处于一般水平。独居、在疫情期间失去亲友、抑郁是社区老年人发生社会隔离的高风险因素。社区可加强对老年人、特别是独居老人的抑郁和营养状况评估,为有风险的老年人提供早期干预,改善老年人生活质量,从而消除因社会隔离而产生的现存的及可能出现的持续性不良影响。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of social isolation among the older adults in communities in Shanghai in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods From May to July 2022,older adults living in communities in Shanghai were selected using convenience sampling method,and surveyed using the Lubben Social Network Scale(LSNS-6),the Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15),the 36-item short form health survey(SF-36),and the Malnutrition risk assessment for elderly adults(WS/T552-2017).Social isolation and its influencing factors was analysed by logistic Results A total of 406 older adults living in communities were surveyed,among whom the prevalence of social isolation was 44.33%,99(24.38%)had depressive symptoms,291(71.67%)were at risk of malnutrition.Their total quality of life scores were at a moderate level.The total social isolation score was positively correlated with the total malnutrition risk score and the total quality of life score,and negatively correlated with the depression scale score(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that living alone,losing relatives and/or friends during the COVID-19 pandemic,and depression were risk factors for social isolation among the older adults living in communities.[OR(95%CI):0.14(0.05-0.39),2.68(1.50-4.81),2.28(1.40-3.71)].Conclusions The older adults in Shanghai communities experienced high incidence of social isolation during the COVID-19 and their quality of life was at a moderate level.Living alone,losing family members or friends during the COVID-19 pandemic,and depression are high risk factors for social isolation among older adults living in communities.The community can eliminate current and potential ongoing adverse effects in older adults due to social isolation by enhancing the assessment of depression and nutritional status of this population,especially those living alone,providing early intervention for those at risk,and improving their quality of life.