2022年江西省干旱时空演变特征研究

Study on the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of drought in Jiangxi Province in 2022

2022年江西省遭遇了罕见的特大干旱,对社会经济、生产生活带来一定影响,基于标准化降水指数(Standardized Precipitation Index,SPI)和土壤相对湿度指数(Relative soil moisture,Rsm)对2022年江西省干旱时空演变特征进行分析研究。将气象干旱发展划分为4个阶段并识别其时空变化特征,利用相关性分析农业干旱与气象干旱之间的时间响应,揭示不同土壤深度的干旱变化过程。研究结果表明:(1)2022年江西省干旱主要发生在7—12月,气象干旱发展过程可划分为干旱露头期、暴发期、持续期、缓解期;(2)2022年江西省农业干旱发生时间比气象干旱晚1个月,降水对研究区Rsm的影响要明显大于气温且20cm的Rsm与SPI-1指标相关性最大;(3)水利工程在抗旱期间发挥了重要作用,江西省粮食生产“十年丰”实现大旱之年无大灾。

In 2022,Jiangxi Province encountered a rare drought in 61 years,which had a certain impact on the social economy,production and life,and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of drought in Jiangxi Province in 2022 were analyzed based on standardized precipitation index and soil relative humidity index.The development of meteorological drought is divided into four stages and its spatio-temporal change characteristics are identified,and the temporal response between agricultural drought and meteorological drought is analyzed by correlation to reveal the drought change process in different soil depths.The results show that:(1)the drought in Jiangxi Province in 2022 mainly occurs from July to December,and the development process of meteorological drought can be divided into drought outcropping period,outbreak period,continuous period and mitigation period;(2)In 2022,the occurrence time of agricultural drought in Jiangxi Province is one month later than that of meteorological drought,and the impact of precipitation on Rsm in the study area is significantly greater than that of temperature,and Rsm of 20 cm is the most correlated with SPI-1 index.(3)Water projects play an important role in the drought control period,and the goal of Jiangxi Province’s grain production“ten years of abundance”is achieved without major disasters in the year of drought.