松辽流域生态环境时空动态评价及驱动因素分析

Spatial-temporal dynamic changes of land use and ecological effects in Songliao Basin

目前,我国高度重视以流域为基础的生态文明建设。及时有效的评估流域生态环境质量时空变化并分析其驱动因素对于制定流域协同性保护以及以流域为基础的生态文明建设十分重要。本文基于以数据为关键要素的,依托于遥感产品得到的绿度指数、湿度指数、干度指数、热度指数四项指标运用主成分分析方法建立松辽流域生态环境评估模型,并探索生态环境质量变化情况及其原因。结果表明:①松辽流域的生态环境质量整体优良,呈“东北优,西南差”的空间分布。②2000-2020年,松辽流域生态质量总体呈变好局势。第一个十年生态质量得到巨大改善,第二个十年处于生态保护维护阶段。③从空间分布上看,生态评级较差及以下等级面积明显收缩,优良等级面积显著向外扩张。④人类的社会经济生产活动对于生态环境的质量评估有至关重要的作用,如何平衡社会经济生产与生态环境保护之间的关系是帮助生态环境恢复的关键。

At present,China attaches great importance to the construction of ecological civilization based on the river basin.Timely and effective assessment of the temporal and spatial changes of the ecological environment quality of the river basin and analyzing its driving factors are very important for formulating the cooperative protection and the construction of ecological civilization based on the river basin.This paper uses principal component analysis to establish the ecological environment assessment model of the Songliao River basin based on the four indicators of greenness index,humidity index,dryness index and heat index obtained by remote sensing products with data as the key element,and explores the changes and causes of ecological environment quality.The results show that:(1)The ecological environment quality of the Songliao River basin is excellent overall,showing the spatial distribution of“being excellent in the northeast and poor in the southwest”.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the ecological quality of the Songliao River basin has generally improved.The ecological quality has been greatly improved in the first decade,and the second decade is in the stage of ecological protection and maintenance.(3)From the perspective of spatial distribution,the area with poor ecological grade and below significantly shrank,and the area with excellent grade expanded outward.(4)Human socio-economic production activities play a crucial role in the quality assessment of ecological environment.How to balance the relationship between socio-economic production and ecological environmental protection is the key to helping ecological environment restoration.