大数据时代:数值天气预报的机遇与挑战

The big data era:opportunities and challenges for numerical weather prediction

随着地球观测系统及数值模拟方法的不断发展,数值天气预报研究进入以数据驱动为核心的新范式,大气科学也迈入了大数据时代,大数据技术赋能数值天气预报发展成为大气科学研究的热点方向。从气象海洋大数据的内涵、分类及其特征出发,概括和梳理了气象海洋大数据在数值天气预报的应用,从技术方面,对资料同化、物理过程参数化、数值预报产品订正,以及机理与数据融合的模式开发等问题进行分析,并对相关应用进行了深入探讨和展望,从而为气象海洋大数据与数值天气预报的融合发展提供重要参考依据。

With the continuous development of earth observation systems and numerical simulation methods,numerical weather prediction research has entered a new paradigm driven by data.Atmospheric science has also entered the era of big data,and the application of big data technology in the development of numerical weather prediction has become a hot topic in atmospheric science research.From the connotation,classification,and characteristics of meteorological and oceanic big data,it summarizes the application of meteorological and oceanic big data in numerical weather prediction.From a technical perspective,it analyzes issues such as data assimilation,parameterization of physical processes,correction of numerical forecast products,and development of models for the integration of big data and physical laws.Through in-depth exploration and prospects of relevant applications,important reference basis is provided for the integration and development of meteorological and oceanic big data and numerical weather prediction.