灵丘方言中的语气副词“半天”探析

Analysis of the Modal Adverb“Half Day”in Lingqiu Dialect

“半天”一词在现代汉语尤其北方方言中应用广泛,可作为量词使用。在灵丘方言中,“半天”是一个典型的语气副词,在语句中位置灵活,句首、句中、句尾均可出现,可以表达醒悟、意外、怀疑和讽刺等多种语气,可以与其他副词共现,并具有丰富的语用功能。研究发现,语气副词“半天”是“动词+半天”构式的省略用法。灵丘方言中的语气副词“半天”是由其它词类虚化演变而来的。在“半天”虚化为语气副词的过程中,语境是主要因素。

The word“half day”is widely used in modern Chinese,especially in the northern dialects,and can be used as a quantifier.In Lingqiu dialect,“half day”is a typical modal adverb,which has a flexible position in the sentence and can appear at the beginning,the middle and the end of a sentence.It can express various moods such as awakening,surprise,doubt and irony,can co-occur with other adverbs,and has rich pragmatic functions.It is found that the modal adverb“half day”is an elliptical use of the construction“verb+half day”.The modal adverb“half day”in Lingqiu dialect is derived from the grammaticalization of other parts of speech.Context is the major factor in the process of the grammaticalization of“half day”into a modal adverb.