科考型自主无人潜航器在极地的应用以及未来发展趋势

Application and Future Development of Scientific Research Autonomous Underwater Vehicles in Polar Regions

随着极地科考朝更广范围、更深空间、更多数据的方向发展,无人装备开始高频出现在各国的极地科考队中,帮助科研人员对极地环境形成更为全面和深刻的认知。自主无人潜航器(autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV)凭借其自主无人且功能全面的优点,在新世纪逐渐成为了极地水下科考不可或缺的装备,故有必要对应用在极地的科考型AUV进行梳理并分析其未来发展趋势。文中首先对AUV进行了基本的介绍;然后总结了全球范围内30次极地AUV任务,分析了AUV在极地的主要用途和优势;而后叙述了AUV在极地应用时所遇到的挑战,并结合这些挑战对适用于极地的科考型AUV发展趋势进行了展望;同时也对适配AUV等无人装备的新一代极地科考母船的设计提出了思考。

As polar scientific exploration requires broader range,deeper space,and more data collection,unmanned equipment emerges frequently in the polar research expeditions from various countries,helping researchers to have a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the polar environment.Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs)have gradually become indispensable equipment for the polar underwater scientific research in the new century due to their advantages of autonomy and versatility.Therefore,it is essential to review the application of scientific research AUVs in polar regions and anticipate their future development.This article begins with a basic introduction to AUVs,followed by analysis of the main purposes and advantages of the AUVs in polar regions based on the summarization of the thirty polar AUV operations in the world.The challenges encountered by the AUVs applied in polar regions are discussed to present the development of the AUVs suitable for the polar scientific research.Additionally,thoughts are also proposed for the design of a new generation of polar research vessels equipped with unmanned equipment such as AUVs.