空间、时间与生命政治:价值形式的三次重组——从《资本论》来解读数字资本主义下的价值形式

Space,Time and Biopolitics:Three Reconstructions of Value Forms——Interpreting Value Forms under Digital Capitalism from the Perspective of Capital

对当代数字资本主义社会下的劳动价值论进行分析,需要回到马克思的《资本论》来详细考察资本主义的劳动价值形式的变化。从产业资本主义,到金融资本主义,再到今天的数字资本主义,在产业劳动中形成的剩余价值,实际上变化为产业利润的形式。在空间形式上,产业利润需要进一步与商业利润、地租、利息、物流和仓储等领域的利润进行重组和分配,形成价值形式的第一次重组,即空间重组。在金融资本主义阶段,诞生了虚拟资本,而事实上参与分配的是面向未来的剩余价值,即价值形式的第二次重组——时间上的重组。在数字资本主义及其平台的作用下,新自由主义的经济学将劳动力的可变资本变成“人力资本”,即将马克思主义的政治经济学变成了福柯意义上的生命政治,从而让劳动价值形式再一次发生变化,让可变资本的部分变成数字平台掠夺和收割的意向,即价值形式的第三次重组——生命政治的重组。

An analysis of the theory of value of labour under contemporary digital capitalist society needs to go back to Marx’s Capital to examine in detail the changes that have taken place in the forms of value of labour in capitalism,from industrial capitalism,to financial capitalism,and then to today’s digital capitalism.The surplus value formed in industrial labor not only changes into the form of industrial profits,but also needs to be further restructured and distributed with profits in areas such as commercial profits,land rent,interest,logistics,and warehousing in terms of spatial form,which is the first restructuring of value forms,namely spatial restructuring.At the stage of financial capitalism,the virtual capital that is born is in fact involved in the distribution of future-oriented surplus value,which is the second reconstruction of the form of value,namely the temporal reconstruction.Under digital capitalism and its platforms,neo-liberal economics has transformed the variable capital of labour into“human capital”,that is,the political economy of Marxism into the politics of life in the Foucaultian sense,thus changing the form of value of labour once again,and transforming the part of variable capital into the intention of the digital platforms to loot and harvest,which is a third reconstruction of the form of value,namely the reconstruction of biopolitics.