地下溶洞形态分析与可视化

Morphological analysis and visualization of underground karst caves

我国是世界上喀斯特地貌面积分布最广泛的国家之一,岩溶类型繁杂,发育较齐全,占国土面积的1/3。岩溶地区存在的主要地质问题有溶洞、断层和软弱地质带等,其具有隐蔽性、突发性和反复性等特点,已成为南方岩溶地区城市工程建设开拓中面临的主要问题。随着激光扫描设备的不断进步和发展,三维激光扫描技术能在封闭式、环境复杂的空间进行自动化测量,具有操作简单、扫描速度快、高分辨率和高精度等特点,可极大地节约测量时间与成本,现已逐渐适应了更广泛的工程应用领域。使用钻孔式三维激光扫描仪获取地下溶洞空间的三维点云数据,针对精度要求较高的复杂空间结构,可能需要布设多个测站进行不同角度扫描获得全局信息。然后,利用深度学习强大的特征学习能力进行点云配准,通过构建数字化模型,客观真实地反映洞内空间形态特征,这将为设计人员提供更精确的岩溶空间信息,制定安全预防措施计划,确保工程施工有序推进。

China is one of the countries with the widest distribution of karst landforms in the world,with diverse and well-developed karst types covering one-third of its land area.The main geological problems in karst areas include caves,faults,and weak geological zones,which are characterized by their hidden,sudden,and repetitive nature,and have become the main challenges in urban engineering construction in southern karst areas.With the continuous progress and development of laser scanning equipment,three-dimensional laser scanning technology can be used for automated measurement in enclosed and complex environments.It has the advantages of simple operation,fast scanning speed,high resolution,and high accuracy,which can greatly save measurement time and cost.It has gradually adapted to a wider range of engineering applications.In this study,a drilling-type three-dimensional laser scanner was used to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data of underground cave spaces.For complex spatial structures with high accuracy requirements,it may be necessary to set up multiple stations for scanning from different angles to obtain global information.Then,the powerful feature learning ability of deep learning was used for point cloud registration,and a digital model was constructed to objectively and realistically reflect the spatial morphology of the cave.This will provide design personnel with more accurate karst spatial information,formulate safety precaution plans,and ensure orderly progress of engineering construction.