北方城市公园的梅花引种与园林应用——以北京市紫竹院公园为例

Introduction and Landscape Application of Prunus Mume in Northern City Parks—Taking Beijing Zizhuyuan Park as an Example

北京市紫竹院公园于2021年引种36种梅花,均可以在园内露地越冬,并于第二年正常生长、开花。其中,澄碧山房梅景区的30种梅花主要作为园林造景应用,结合澄碧山房原有的松树和竹子进行科学植物配置,按照不同品种花期、花色及花香进行搭配栽培,并给予精细化养护管理措施;种植在青莲岛和长河沿岸的紫蒂白和潮塘宫粉生长势较强,1年后与2年后成活率均为100%;四君山南坡地块栽种了小绿萼、徽州檀香和素白台阁3种梅花,以小绿萼表现最好,2年后成活率95%;栽种在对影桥西的扣瓣大红,对其采取粗放式养护管理,2年后成活率为85%。同时,调查了不同品种梅花的生长情况和形态特征并进行了记录,可为梅花在北方城市公园的栽培及应用提供理论依据。

Prunus Mume are native to China and have been introduced and cultivated for over 3000 years.Since 1957,Academician Chen Junyu and others have initiated the"South Prunus Mume Movement to the North"in Beijing.In 2021,Beijing Zizhuyuan Park introduced 36 species of plum blossoms,all of which can overwinter in the open air within the park and grow and bloom normally in the following year.Among them,the 30 types of Prunus Mume in the Chengbishanfang Area are mainly used for landscaping applications.They are scientifically configured based on the original pine and bamboo trees in the Chengbishanfang Area,and cultivated according to different flower periods,colors,and fragrance,with refined maintenance and management measures.The Prunus Mume'Zidi Bai'and Chaotang Gongfen planted on Qinglian Island and along the banks of Changhe River have strong growth potential,with a survival rate of 100% after 1 year and 2 years;On the southern slope of SiJun Mountain,three types of Prunus Mume were planted,Xiao Lv'e,Huizhou Tanxiang,and SubaiTaige.The best performance was XiaoLv'e,with a survival rate of 95% after 2 years;The Zhuoban Dahong planted on the west side of the DuiYing bridge was subjected to extensive maintenance and management.After 2 years,the survival rate was 85%.In addition,this study also investigated the growth and morphological characteristics of different varieties of Prunus Mume and recorded them.The aim is to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and application of Prunus Mume in Beijing city parks.