美国构建国家零碳技术创新路径的主要举措及启示

The Main Inspirations of the United States to Build a National Zero——Carbon Technology Innovation Pathway

零碳技术创新和应用是能源系统深度脱碳的关键。本文重点阐述美国面向其长期气候目标推进零碳技术创新主要做法,分析对我国能源科技创新的启示,并提出相应政策建议。技术创新被美国视为实现其2050年净零排放目标的支柱,为了加速和扩大净零排放所需的技术部署,美国推出“三重净零技术行动计划”来系统推进技术创新,建立了独特的全周期组织管理模式,且尤为注重以美国为主的技术合作机制。其经验对我国构建零碳能源技术创新体系、提高我国科技竞争力具有一定借鉴意义。

Zero-carbon technology innovation and application are key to deep decarbonization of the energy system.This article focuses on the main measures taken by the United States to promote zero-carbon technological innovation towards its long-term climate goals,and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions for China.In order to accelerate and expand the deployment of technologies required for net-zero emissions,the United States launched the"Triple Net-Zero Technology Action Plan"to systematically promote technological innovation and establish a unique life-cycle management model,with special emphasis on the US-based technical cooperation mechanism.Its experience has certain reference significance for China to build a low-carbon and zero-carbon technology innovation system and improve China's scientific and technological competitiveness.